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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant corporations. In addition, market forces have lost some of their significance as planning has become more important. The government ha
2、s assumed a greatly changed role in the economy. Property relationships and decision-making power have shifted. The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.We may think of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporat
3、ions, which can be called the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of ent
4、ertainment”. Outside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises, some mining and trucking, professional and artistic pursuits, some retail trade, and most personal and domestic services.The classical economic laws of supply and demand still apply to some degree. But today the indus
5、trial sector is characterized far more by planning and certainty than by the free play of market forces. It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise. In large corporations with advanced technological systems and complex organizations of highly trained specialists, plans for producing any one item
6、 are made well in advance. Such plans, once made, are hard to change. Because long-term planning demands certainty, market forces are avoided by various means. For example, the corporation may achieve “vertical integration” by buying companies that supply raw materials at one end of the process and
7、distribution outlets at the other. Corporations may agree on “just prices” for things they buy and sell. They may enter mutually advantageous long-term contracts with suppliers and customers. Moreover, in their quest for certainty they generally have the support of the state.1. The American giant co
8、rporations possess so many new characteristics that _.2. By the second paragraph, we know that _.3. From the whole passage, we can infer that American economy _.4. In the third sentence of last paragraph, the second “it” may refer to _.5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?问题1选项A
9、.highly educated managers are important for the corporationsB.giant corporations become decentralizedC.economic laws of the market are effective inside corporationsD.heads of the giant corporations try to control the government问题2选项A.retail trade accounts for a big part in non-industrial systemB.the
10、re are more giant corporations than agricultural enterprisesC.giant corporations control every part of American economyD.giant corporations provide most of productions and services问题3选项A.is experiencing the rise of giant corporationsB.is determined by hundreds of giant corporationsC.has failed to ba
11、lance supply and demandD.becomes highly-planned one问题4选项A.classic economic law of supply and demandB.industrial sectorC.American economyD.market force问题5选项A.American economy is characterized by high technology and giant corporations.B.American economy consists of industrial systems and agricultural
12、enterprises.C.Market economy is gradually replaced by planned economy.D.Highly trained specialists are needed.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。），说明美国巨型公司的新特点导致了对受过高等教育的专家需求增加。因此A选项“受过高等教育
13、的管理者对公司很重要”正确。B选项“巨型企业变得分权化”，C选项“市场的经济规律在企业内部是有效的”，D选项“巨型企业的负责人试图控制政府”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The world of the giant corporations, which can be called the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distrib
14、ution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment”.（巨型企业的世界，可以称为“工业系统”，包括500到600家提供“几乎所有通信，几乎所有的生产和分配电力，交通，大多数的制造业和采矿业，零售贸易的很大一部分，和大量的娱乐”的公司。），说明大部分的生产和服务是由巨型企业提供的。因此D选项“巨型企业提供了大部分的生产和服务”正确。A选项
15、“零售业在非工业体系中占了很大比重”，由原文可知，零售贸易占了工业系统的很大一部分，所以A错误。B选项“巨型企业比农业企业多”，原文没有比较两者数量的多少，所以B错误。C选项“巨型企业控制着美国经济的各个部分”，美国经济除了巨型企业还有非工业系统部分，所以C错误。3.推理判断题。文章第一段说到美国经济的变化之一是巨型企业的崛起，接着第二段介绍了巨型企业提供的生产和服务，最后第三段说到巨型企业的计划性和确定性，可以推断出美国经济是由巨型公司决定的。因此B选项“由数以百计的巨型公司决定”正确。A选项“正经历着巨头企业的崛起”，由原文可知，巨型企业已经崛起了，所以A错误。C选项“未能平衡供应和需求”
16、，D选项“成为高度计划化的经济”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise.（看来不可能有别的情况了。），由上下文可知，此处说的是美国经济中的计划性。因此C选项“美国经济”正确。A选项“经典的供给和需求的经济规律”，B选项“工业部门 ”，D选项“市场力量”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。5.客观细节题。A选项“美国经济的特点是高科技和巨型企业”，由原文The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of
