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1、第十讲 非谓语用作名词适用学科英语适用年级高一升高二适用区域榆林校区课时时长（分钟）60知识点动词不定式和动词ing形式做主语、宾语的用法。学习目标掌握动词不定式和动词ing形式用作名词时做主语和宾语的用法。学习重点对于相关考点和句型的把握和理解。学习难点对带不定式或动词ing的动词的区分和把握。学习过程一、复习预习复习上节内容，并进入本节课程内容的学习。二、知识讲解考点/易错点1：不定式做主语1不定式(短语)常可用作主语，如To see is to believe眼见为实。To act like that is foolish这样做是愚蠢的。2.但在很多情况下，我们都把不定式往后移，前面用先
2、行词it作形式上的主语，这样句子结构会显得更平稳。这时谓语可以是：1）be+形容词：It isnt right to talk like that这样说是不对的。Its difficult to master English精通英语是不容易的。2）be+形容词+for引起的短语：Its hard for me to answer我很难回答。It isnt right for us to stop half way我们半途而废是不对的。3）be+形容词+of引起的短语：Its kind of you to think so much of us难得你为我们这样着想。(=you are kind
3、to)Its good of you to come to meet us非常感谢你们来接我们。4)be+名词：Its our duty to do that这样做是我们的职责。Its a mistake not to help them不帮助他们是错误的。5)其他形式的谓语：How long does it take to get there?到那里需要多少时间?How much did it cost you to send the package?寄这包裹花了多少钱?l it is +adj+for/of sb to do sth(做某件事对于某人来说是怎么样的)（用for表示adj修饰
4、to do sth.常用的形容词有important,possible,impossible,necessary,interesting等;用of表示adj修饰sb.常用形容词有kind,nice,stupid,foolish,clever等）。考点/易错点2：动词ing形式做主语 作主语的动词-ing形式具有名词的特征，有时又称为动名词。动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数；当作主语的-ing短语太长时，常用it作形式主语，而把-ing短语置于句子后部。例如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Learning new words is very useful to me
5、. 学习生词对我很有用。Its a waste of money buying such things you dont really need. 买这种你实际上并不需要的东西是浪费金钱。注意：在下列句式中常用动词-ing短语作主语。It is no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/nice/a waste of time + doing. 如：Its no use talking like this. 像这样谈话没有用处。Its senseless behaving like that. 那样的行为没有意义。 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者
6、作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如： To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。 Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。 考点/易错点3:不定式和动词ing形式作宾语：1, 以下动词只跟to do作宾语。afford, agree, aim, choose, dare, decide, refuse, desire, determine, fail（未能做某事）, offer,（主动做某事）expect, ho
7、pe, wish, manage（设法成功做某事）, plan, pretend, promise, seek, tend（往往会做某事）, threaten（威胁做某事） seem, happen（碰巧做某事）, wish, long(渴望做某事), intend（打算做某事）,等。2， 以下动词只跟ing形式做宾语。finish, mind, suggest, keep, enjoy, practice, consider, excuse, miss, escape,allow, permit, imagine, risk, delay, forbid, appreciate, under
8、stand动词短语：give up, insist on, look forward to, it is (no )good (use, harm), object to（反对），get down to, devote oneself to, spenddoing, prevent(from),wastedoing, have (no) difficulty (in) doing, stick to ,keepfrom,stopfrom，feel like.cant stand.to后接动词时，to是不定式符号，应该接原形动词，to是介词应要接动名词。这一点一定要判断清楚。在“get down
9、 to开始做；look forward to盼望；stick to坚持做；lead to导致；devote oneself to=to be devoted to 献身于；pay attention to 注意；object to 反对做 ”中，to都是介词，其后面应该接动名词。3 以下八个单词或短语可跟to do和ing,但意义不同： stop to do/stop doing 停下来做/ 停止做. remember to do/remember doing 记住要去做/ 记得曾做过 forget to do/forget doing 忘记去做/ 忘记曾做过 try to do/try do
10、ing 努力（尽力）做/ 试着做 regret to do/regret doing 遗憾地去做/ 后悔做过 mean to do/mean doing 打算做/ 意味着做 cant help to do/cant help doing 不能帮助做某事/忍不住做某事 go on to do/go on doing 接着做另一件事/ 接着做未做完的同一事例如: Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。 I dont remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。 I regret
11、 saying what I said. I shouldnt have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话，我本不该说那些话。 I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾驶测试。 The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。 After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 4 讨论完经济，部长接着谈论
12、外交政策。on/upon doing/n 表示“一.就.” 5. 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。例如： I dont think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。 I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。 6. 疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如： I dont know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。 Have you decided when
13、to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗？ 考点/易错点3:不定式和动词ing形式的被动语态：请看两道高考试题：1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET 2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen分析：remain 后接to do sth.作表语， see 与主语从句是动宾关系，所以要用to be seen，故答案为B。2. The discovery of n
14、ew evidence led to _. （上海2003） A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught分析：lead to 中的to 是介词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语。“小偷被抓”应用动词-ing的被动形式being caught，所以选C。不定式和动词-ing形式的被动语态是历年高考考查的重点和难点。下面就这两点做一简要介绍。一、不定式的被动语态 1. 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动语态。如： The meeting to be held tomorrow afternoon is of great importance. 明天下午要开的会议非常重要。再如两道选择题：(1) Little Tom would love _ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking分析：本题考查不定式在固定结构中的谓语形式。would love后一般只用动词不定式作宾语。句中主语little Tom是take的逻辑宾语，用被动形式，所以选A。(2) To go shopping on Sunday
