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1、人教版英语精品资料（精修版）Unit 2 Poems 3 Grammar Writing 1. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句在这类条件句中，条件从句中的谓语部分要用过去完成时，即had+过去分词，主句的谓语部分要用should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词。 If Id left sooner, Id have been on time. 要是我早点动身的话，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If you had taken my advice yesterday, you wouldnt have failed in the exam. 要是你昨天听从了我的建
2、议，你就不会考试不及格了。 If she had received the present, she should have thanked him. 如果她收到了礼物，她应当向他致谢。It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _.A. hadntB. haventC. didntD. dont【答案】A2. 有关虚拟条件句的几种情况（1）如果虚拟条件从句中有had，were，should时，有时可以把if省略，这时从
3、句要用倒装语序。 Had I met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。 Were I you, I would go with them. 如果我是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。_ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Had it not beenC. Without beingD. Not having been【答案】B【解析】句意：要不是我生病了，我会对他伸出援助之手的。这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，连词if省略了，此时应该把虚拟语
4、气的谓语动词提前，故选B。（2）有些条件句中的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间虚拟条件句。所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，对时态作相应的调整： If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。 （过去将来） If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the movie last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天的那部电 影。（
5、现在过去） If Tom should arrive today, he must have started two days ago. 如果汤姆今天到达的话，那他一定在两天前就动身了。（将来过去）If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked【答案】D（3）有时虚拟语气的条件是通过词或短语表示出来的。 A gentleman ( If he had been a gentleman he ) wouldnt have sai
6、d so. 一位绅士是不会那样说话的。 Given more time (= If we were given more time ), we would do it better. 如果再给些时间，我们会做得更好。（4）有些句子虽不含条件从句，但仍用虚拟语气，这类句子称为含蓄条件句。 I would do anything for her. 我愿意为她做任何事。 You might have failed. 你可能会失败。3. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用 （1）as if/as though引导的状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。从句内容与现在事实相反，谓语部分用动词的过去式，be动词常用
7、were；从句内容与过去事实相反，谓语部分用had+过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大，用would/might/could+动词原形。但如表示确有某种可能，也可不用虚拟语气。 He talked as if he had been to many places in the world. 他说起话来好像他去过世界上的很多地方。 It looks as if it might rain. 看上去好像要下雨。 Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been【答案】B【解析】句意：拿花瓶
8、的时候不要当它是钢做的一样。as is引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；又由Dont handle.可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用be动词的过去式were，故选B。 （2）在It is (high/about) time.句型中，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词常用过去式，也可用should+动词原形，should不能省略。 It is high time you went there. 你早就该去那儿了。 It is about time we should have dinner. 我们该吃晚饭了。 Jack is a great tal
9、ker. Its high time that _ something instead of just talking. A. will doB. has doneC. doD. did 【答案】D（3）在It is + 形容词/名词+ that.句型中，that引导的从句的谓语部分有时为should+动词原形，should可以省略。 It is necessary that we (should) be present. 我们出席是有必要的。 It is a pity that Henry (should) be so careless. 真遗憾，亨利竟然这样粗心。（4）在与表示请求、建议、
10、命令、要求等意义的词相关的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分为should+动词原形，should可以省略。 It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time watching TV. 建议他不要花太多时间看电视。It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. be allowedB. would be allowedC. was allowedD. has been allowed【答案】A4. 含有责备及批评语气的虚拟语气 should/ought to/coul
11、d/may/might+have+过去分词表示过去应该做而未做的虚拟语气，该结构的否定形式表示过去不该做的事情却做了，是一种委婉的责备，语气最强的是should，最弱的是might。 （1）表示委婉批评。 用于委婉批评的结构为could/may/might have done，常意为本可以做某事而未做。 You are late again. You could have come earlier. 你又来晚了，你本该早一些到的。 Youve made a few mistakes. You may/might have been a little more careful. 你犯了几个错误，
12、你本应更仔细些的。 With a little care I _ the disaster.But you were too careless. It is no use crying over split milk, you know.A. could avoidB. could have avoidedC. must avoidD. must have avoided【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知本来是可以避免这场灾难的，could have avoided表示本可以避免而实际上没有避免，而must have avoided的意思是肯定已经避免了这场灾难，故选B。could
13、have done/been可用来表示推测，意为可能已经或可能是，用于表示对过去事情或状况的猜测；也可以表示责备，意为本来可以，但实际并未发生。如： The accident could have been avoided. 这个事故本来是可以避免的。（责备） My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it? 我的英汉词典不见了。可能是谁拿去了呢?（可能性）（2）表示强烈责备。 表示强烈责备常用should/ought to have done结构，意为本应该做某事却没做。 I have told y
14、ou many times. You should have done it better. 我已经告诉过你很多遍了，你应该做得更好些。 You shouldnt have failed this time. 你这次本不该不及格的。 （3）表示本没必要做某事。 neednt + have + 过去分词结构表示做了没必要做的事请。 You neednt have told him. He has already known about it. 你本来没必要告诉他的。他已经知道那件事了。 Its so near. We neednt have taken a taxi. 这么近，我们当时没有必要坐出租车的。 （4）虚拟语气表示祝愿。表示祝愿时常用动词原形或May+主语+动词原形结构。 God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！ May you be happy！ 祝你快乐！ （5）动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would/could + have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/co
