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1、I.Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words and expressions(10%, one point for each blank)1. Symbols can be divided into two types: symbols and symbols.2. The goal of linguistics is to establish a model that describes the rules of one particular language.3. plosives appear before or after
2、front vowels while plosives occur in other situations.3.The term “natural classes of sounds” has one advantages: phonological rules constructed can be of higher4.5.The morphemes that can stand alone as individual words are called .People can study sentences in two different ways. If we make structur
3、al descriptions of sentences to illustrate the parts of sentences and the relationships among them, it is called According to Chomskys TG Grammar, in the process of generating sentences, structures and then transform them into structures.study.westart with6.II.(25%, one point for each)7.8.9.10.11.12
4、.13.14.15. is the science that deals with the sound system.A. PhoneticsB. MorphologyC. PhonologyD. SemanticsThe oral consonants are different from the nasal consonants in terms of .A. the position of the velumB. the place of articulationC. the presence or absence of vocal-cord vibrationD. the manner
5、 of articulation is generally regarded as the founder of modern linguistics.A. FillmoreB. SaussureC. ChomskyD. LyonsA native speaker usually possesses four types of knowledge about his own language. native speakers intuition about the sounds and sound patterns of his language.()()() knowledge is a()
6、A. SemanticB. SyntacticC. MorphologicalD. PhonologicalPhonetics has three sub-branches. phonetics is concerned with how a sound is produced by thevocal organs.A. Articulatory B. Acoustic C. AuditoryD. VisualDentals are sounds .( )A. produced by both lipsB. produced by the contact between the upper t
7、eeth and the lower lipC. made with the tip of the tongue behind the upper front teeth or with the tongue tip between the upper and lower teethD. articulated by raising the tip or the blade of the tongue to the alveolar ridgeA phoneme is defined as .( )A. a minimal meaningful unit in the grammatical
8、system of a languageB. a minimal distinctive unit in the grammatical system of a languageC. a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a languageD. a minimal meaningful unit in the lexical system of a languageDistinctive features are used describe , while phonetic features are used to describ
9、e their ( )A. phonemes allophones B. morphemes allomorphsC. allophones phonesD. allomorphs morphsIf , then they are said to be in contrastive distribution.( )A. two sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for the other does not cause a change of meaningB. two sound
10、s can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for the other causes a change of meaningC. two sounds can never occur in the same environmentD. two sounds can occur in contrastive environments16. The root morphemes are .( )A. lexically dependent on roots and do not convey the f
11、undamental meanings of wordsB. the most important parts of words that carry the principal meaningsC. those that can stand by themselves as individual words17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.D. never found alone as words, but are always joined with other morphemesIf two sounds are, they are
12、 said to be allophones of the same phoneme.( )A. in contrastive distribution and also phonetically similarB. sometimes in free variationC. in contrastive distributionD. phonetically similar and also in complementary distributionIf two or more morphs are semantically identical and also in, they are s
13、aid to be allomorphs of thesame morpheme.()A. complementary distributionB. contrastive distributionC. free variationD. contradictory distributionClipping refers to the process in which.()A. a compound is made by blending parts of two wordsB. words are formed by putting the initial letters of several
14、 words togetherC. a word is shortened without a change in the meaning or in the part of speechD. new words are created simply by changing their parts of speechTherelation is a kind of relation between linguistic forms in a sentence and linguistic forms outsidethe sentence.()A. syntagmaticB. sequenti
15、alC. hierarchicalD. paradigmaticIn a hierarchical structure diagram of a sentence,are the ultimate constituents of the sentence. ()A. the forms which are always present on the right side of a phrase structure ruleB. the forms at the word-levelC. the forms at the word-level and the phrase-levelD. the forms connected by the two lines that are branching from the same pointAccording to TG Grammar, in th
