整理版连词和关系词2018

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1、英语连接词高考常考点全攻略一、并列连词内涵单个连词复合连词顺承and (和,同),when (这时)not only.but (also)(不但而 且),both.and (既又,和两个都),neither.nor (既不也不)选择or (否则) otherwise (否则)or else否则转折but (但是,可是),yet (然而,可 是)对比while (然而,却,反之)not.but (不是而是)因果for (因为),so (因此,所以)说明祈使句(表示条件)+and/or+陈述句(谓语多用将来时)一if条件句+陈述句并列连词 when 主要用于主语+ was/were doing s

2、th. + when sb./sth. did;主语 + was/were about to do sth. +when sb./sth. did ; 主语 + was/were on the point of doing sth. + when sb./sth.did等句型中,表示“当主语正在做、止要做、这时突然发生另外 一件事”。此处易错点:1. and和so的区别:so更强调前句和后句是因果 关系,即由前句可以推知后句.如: Imbusy now, so I cant help you. 且它经常可以换写成含有 becasue 引导的原因状语从句的主 从复合句. 即:Im busy no

3、w, so I cant help you. = Because Im busy now, I cant help you. 而and更多是强调前后间是并列/顺承的关系,并不含有明显的因果关系.如: Im busy now, and I am tired.(并列)即“忙并不一定就会导致累”,“我只是又忙又累”而已.I went to the supermarket and bought some vegetables this morning.(顺承)2. but和while的区别:while强调的是两者同时发生,but意在强调后者He is watching TV, while his wi

4、fe s reading.Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.蜂蜜很甜,但蜜蜂有刺蜇人。but表强烈的转折译为 但是,在语气上是直接的,而 while 则译为而,在语气上是婉转的二、状语从句的连接词状语从 句种类连词时间when (当时候),while (在期间),as (当,一边一边),before (在之前,还没来得急。),after (在 之后),since (自从 以来),till/until (直到 才), whenever (无论何时),as soon as (一就)条件if (如果),unless (一if.not)(除非,如果不),once (

5、一旦),as/so long as (只要), on condition that (在的条件下),supposing/provided/providing (that)(假如)原因because (因为),as (由于),since (既然),now that (既然),seeing (that)(由于, 鉴于),considering (that)(考虑到),given (that)(考虑到)结果such.that (如此以至于),so.that (如此以至于),so that (结果,以至于)目的lest (免得,以免),so that (为了,以便),in case (以防万一,以免)

6、,in order that (为 了,以便),for fear that (以免,唯恐)地点where (在哪里,在地方),wherever (无论在哪里,在任何地方)比较than (比),as.as (和一样),not so/as.as (和不一样),the more. the more(越越)方式as (正如,像,按照),as if (=as though似乎,好像)让步though (虽然),although (虽然),as (尽管,虽然),while (虽然),even if (= even though即使),whether.or (不论/不管还是),what等疑问词+ever (

7、无论),no matter+what等疑问词(无论/不管)此处易错点: when, as, while 之间的区别与联系when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是持续的也可以是瞬时的;while和as引 导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是持续的。I fell asleep when/as/while he was doing his exercises .When he arrived in Shanghai , his mother met him at the station .While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.(从句常用进

8、行时)She always sings as she walks .(一边,一边)三、定语从句引导词关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词:when, where,why在从句中充当状语。定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看引导词在定语从句中的语法功能(作主语、宾语、定语或状语); 第三选择合适的关系词。(一) 1修饰物时只用 which 不用 that 的情况。(1) 引导非限制性定语从句时。如:Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.(2) 当关系词前有介词时。如:This is the room in w

9、hich Chairman Mao once lived.2. 修饰人时只用who不用that的情况。(1) 先行词为 one, ones, anyone, those 指代人时。如:The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.I dont like those who look down upon others.(2) 当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom。如:The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.(

10、二) way在定语从句中作先行词的用法当先行词为way,关系词在从句中作状语时,定语从句的引导词可用in which,that或 省略引导词。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。如:This is the way that/in_which/省略 I do such things.I dont like the way that/in_which/省略 he looks at me.This is the way that/which he has thought out.(三) 若先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时,不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when 和 wher

11、e 引导,而是需要弄清从句中缺少什么成分,然后再确定恰当的关系词。This is the room where I lived last year.This is the house that/which I bought last year.This is the shop where I bought my bike.This is the room that/which I lived in last year.(四) 定语从句与简单句等的区别。如果两个句子之间是分号,或有and,but,so等连 接词,则这两个句子为两个并列句;如果两个句子之间是逗号,且没有上述的连接词,则这 两个句子

12、之间就是主从关系,须有一个引导词引导定语从句。尤其值得注意的是,逗号后面 也许根本就不是一个句子,而只是一个同位语。(1) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable momentwhich I will always treasure.(2) They have more than100books;most of them are English.(3) They have more than100books,most of which are English.(3) They have more than100bo

13、oks,and most of them are English.四、名词性从句(一)引导词1. that没有任何意义,不作任何句子成分,只起连接作用,故常可省略。2if/whether 意为“是否”。3. who, which, what, when, where, how, whoever (凡是的人)等连接代词或连接副词,这些词本身有词义,也作句子成分,连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,连接 副词在从句中作状语。(二)1. that引导名词性从句时,没有任何意义,也不作任何句子成分;但that引导定语从 句时,它代替先行词,且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如:I still rememb

14、er the promise that he made.我依然记得他许下的诺言。(定语从句)The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise. 那个淘气的孩子保证说 他以后再也不吵闹了。(同位语从句)2. what可引导名词性从句但不能引导定语从句o what引导名词性从句,有时相当于“the +名词+that”,表示“(所)的”。(1) What_ (=The_thing_that) _you_said was right.你所说的是正确的。(2) I dont know what to say.(3) I lik

15、e everything that you told me.3. 主语从句作主语,主句谓语动词通常用单数;为使句子平衡,常用it作形式主语。( 1 ) China has a longhistory that is known to all.fIts_known_to_all_that _China_has_a_long_history.4. 表语从句还可以用as if, as though引导。5. 表示“是否”,引导宾语从句时可用if或whether,但在介词后或与or not连用时,只 能用whether引导;引导表语从句、同位语从句或位于句首的主语从句时,只能用whether, 不用 if。(1) Whether we will go shopping tomorrow depends on the weather.(2) Let me know whether or not you can come.6. 同位语从句一般放在fact, news, idea, promise, suggestion, advice等扌由象名词之 后,说明或解释这些抽

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