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1、北京语言大学22春汉语写作离线作业二及答案参考1. 调查报告的结构形式一般包括哪几个部分?( )A.导语B.醒目C.正文D.结语参考答案：BCD2. 不是所有主题都要求有与之相适应的结构和布局。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A3. 导语常见的写作方法有：( )等多种A.对比式B.提问式C.征引式D.结论式参考答案：ABCD4. 通告适用于公布社会各有关方面应当遵守或者周知的事项。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A5. 衬托分为哪两种形式?( )A.正衬B.主体C.侧衬D.旁衬参考答案：AB6. 通俗即语言浅易明白，通畅顺口。它与人们日常的口语最为接近，有时给人的感觉就是未加任何修饰的口语直接
2、进入文章。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B7. 观光层高达263米，是乌瞰全市景色的最佳处所。当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山、金山、崇明岛隐隐可见，真有“登泰山观光层高达263米，是乌瞰全市景色的最佳处所。当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山、金山、崇明岛隐隐可见，真有“登泰山而小天下”之感。The observation deck,263 meters high,is the best place to get a birds eye view of the city.On a sunny day,the deck commands an indistinct view of Sheshan,Jin
3、shan and the Chongming Island far away.Standing on the deck.one gets the feeling that the world is belittled.以上的这段译文中，“高达263米，鸟瞰全市景色”都采用了准确和精练的直译。删除了引自论语中的一句话“登泰山而小天下”，进行了翻译中的省略处理。原文中引用此语无非是形容观光层之高。如果要将“泰山”译出，反而容易引起歧义。8. 概述交际法的理论基础及其当前交际语言教学课堂活动的特征。参考答案：理论基础：(1)语言学理论基础是20世纪60年代兴起70年代形成高潮的社会语言学。尤其是社会
4、语言学家海姆斯的交际能力理论和功能主义语言学家韩礼德的功能语言理论和话语分析理论，以及威多森的语言交际观。(2)心理学基础是人本主义心理学和20世纪60年代后期兴起的心理语言学。交际法强调以学生为中心，首先要分析学习者对第二语言的需要，教学内容和教学方法的确定都必须从学习者的需要出发。交际法还认为，学习者在言语中出现一些错误是正常的也是不可避免的现象，学习者所追求的不可能是完美无缺的交际，而只能是有缺陷的但有效的交际，因此，对学习者的语言错误不应苛求。特征：(1)以培养交际功能为宗旨，明确提出第二语言教学目标是培养创造性地运用语言的交际能力，不仅要求语言运用的正确性，还要求得体性。(2)以功能
5、意念为纲。根据学习者的实际需要，选取真实自然的语言材料，而不是经过加工后的“教科书语言”。(3)教学过程交际化，交际既是学习的目的也是学习的手段，在教学中创造接近真实交际的情景并多采用小组活动的形式，通过大量言语交际活动培养运用语言交际的能力，并把课堂交际活动与课外生活中的交际结合起来。(4)以话语为教学的基本单位。认为语言不是存在于孤立的词语或句子中，而是存在于连贯的语篇中。(5)单项技能训练与综合性技能训练相结合，以综合性训练为主，最后达到在交际中综合运用语言的目的。(6)对学习者在学习过程中出现的语言错误有一定的容忍度，不影响交际的错误能不纠就不纠，尽量鼓励学习者发挥言语交际活动的主动性
6、和积极性。(7)交际法强调以学生为中心，强调教学要为学生的交际需要服务，以语言功能为纲根据学以致用的原则，针对不同专业的学习者安排“专用语言”的教学。(8)主张采用多种教学手段，不应是仅仅一本教科书，而应该是“教学包”，即教师用书、辅导读物、磁带、挂图、录像、电影、电视等。(9)让学生处于情景之中，身临其境地感受氛围，用汉语进行交际，是交际教学的精髓。9. Julie has been given leave from work because she is _a baby in two weeks.A. excitedJulie has been given leave from work
7、because she is _a baby in two weeks.A. excited aboutB. expectingC. heading forD. carrying答案：B10. I have so much work to do that holiday for me this year is_.Aon the questionBon queI have so much work to do that holiday for me this year is_.Aon the questionBon questionCout of the questionDout of ques
8、tion正确答案：C11. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children _ . Awere not able to help laughter BcoWhen Jane fell off the bike, the other children _ .Awere not able to help laughterBcould not help but laughingCcould not help laughingDcould not help to laughC12. 论文的中心论点就是纲，分论点就是目。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B1
9、3. 广播广告文案中一些重要的信息，比如品牌名称，必须想办法多次“重复”。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A14. Would you like to have a try once again? _. A) Yes, I like B) No, I don&39;t likWould you like to have a try once again?_.A) Yes, I likeB) No, I dont like itC) Yes, I want very muchD) Yes, Id like toDwould like to后的内容承前省略，只保留不定式等号to。15. 在四种文体
10、中，整体上更讲究技巧性的一种文体是( )。A.诗歌B.字数C.小说D.戏剧参考答案：C16. 鲁迅的祝福采用的叙述方式是( )。A.顺叙B.散文写作C.插叙D.平叙参考答案：B17. “新闻文体”即新闻的体裁、样式，是新闻事实在新闻报道中呈现出的信息内容、表达特色和结构方式的整体形态。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B18. English has never been the only language in use over the British Isles , and it certainly is not now!English has never been the only lan
11、guage in use over the British Isles , and it certainly is not now! Welsh is still used in Wales. Some Welsh people still speak it as their mother tongue , and it is widely taught in Welsh schools. Some people in Scotland and in Ireland still use a language that is related to Welsh. It is called Gael
12、ic. These languages have a long history in these islands - longer than the history of English. In addition , people fromoverseas have settled in England quite recently during this century. In some industrial cities , though not generally in Britain , you find groups of people who speak Polish , and
13、other groups speaking the languages of the Indian subcontinent. A survey of North London schools in the early 1980 s found that nearly a third of the children spoke a language other than English at home.The majority of the 55 million people living in England use English all the time. Standard Englis
14、h , that is , written English , is in use throughout Britain. Spoken English , however , sounds very different in different parts of the country. There is a story , a play. by the famous writer George Bernard Shaw , about a professor of English Language who can tell you someone s address when he hea
15、rs that person speak! That is exaggeration of course. Not even a Professor , who has studied the sounds of English all his life , can really do that. However ,it is true hat most people who have lived for a long time in Britain can tell a number of things about the people as soon as they speak! Usually we cannot tell the speaker s address, but we can gu
