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1、学 院毕 业 设 计设计题目：铁道轮对轴承压装机液压系统设计 机电工程系 系 别：_ 班 级：_姓 名：_指 导 教 师：_20年67 日铁道轮对轴承压装机的液压系统设计摘 要轮对轴承压装机的功用是将轴承压装在轮对上。它由伸套定位、压装、顶对、及送对等部分构成，动作由液压缸实现。伸套缸安装于支撑架上，两端各一个；顶对缸在两道轨之间，作用在轮对中部，并与两伸套缸同在一个轴线。本次设计中主要研究其液压系统部分。由于列车速度的提高，为保证行车的安全性和舒适性，轮对轴承压装质量的提高刻不容缓，故提出本次设计。本次设计中铁道轮对轴承压装机的液压缸动作，通过多个压力继电器发信，实现循环过程的自动控制。其自
2、动循环动作过程为：推入轮对伸套定位轮对锁紧压装轴承伸套杆、压装杆退回落对送对，各个缸复位，一个工作循环结束。通过压力继电器发信实现自动控制既提高了工作效率和产品的质量与精度，又消除了人为因素的影响，另外，液压系统能够无级调速，传动平稳，能够自行润滑，磨损率低，经久耐用。液压控制装置采用无管集成的方式使得结构紧凑，组装方便，外形整齐美观，安装位置灵活。而且采用的是集成块的板式连接阀，在我国，集成块的设计已经比较成熟，已经形成了系列化，设计时参照已有的集成块尺寸，为经验不足提供了理论依据。液压站是液压设计不可缺少的部分。液压装置中各部件、元件的布置要做到均匀、便于装配、调整、维修和使用，液压泵与电
3、动机可装在液压油箱的盖上，也可装在液压油箱之外，主要考虑液压油箱的大小和刚度。并且要适当地注意外观的整齐和美观。关键词： 轴承压装机 液压系统 集成块 液压站The railroad round countershaft bearing pressure installing equipment hydraulic systemdesignsAbstractThe railroad round countershaft bearing pressure installing equipment hydraulic system designs abstract round countersha
4、ft bearing pressure installing equipment the function is the bearing press mounting in the wheel to. It by extends a set of localization, the press mounting, to go against to, delivers coordinated and the part constitution, the movement realizes by the hydraulic cylinder. Extends the set of cylinder
5、 installment on the carriage, both sides each; Goes against to the cylinder between two axles, affects in the wheel to middle, and with two extends a set of cylinder in a spool thread. In this design mainly studies its hydraulic system part. As a result of the train speeds enhancement, for the guara
6、ntee drivings security and comfortableness, round enhances urgently to the bearing press mounting quality, therefore proposes this design. In this design the railroad round countershaft bearing pressure installing equipment hydraulic cylinder movement, through many pressure switch sending the letter
7、, realizes the cyclic process automatic control. Its autocycle movement process is: Thrusts round to - extends the wrap to locate - round to locks - the press mounting bearing - to extend the loop bar, the press mounting pole to return - falls to - delivers rightly, each cylinder repositions, an ope
8、rating cycle ended. Realized the automatic control through pressure switch sending a letter already to raise the working efficiency and the product quality and the precision has, eliminated the human factor influence, moreover, the hydraulic system could the stepless speed regulation, the transmissi
9、on be steady, could lubricate voluntarily, the rate of wear is low, durable. The hydraulic control installment selects the method which the non-tube integrates to cause the structure to be compact, the assembly is convenient, contour neat artistic, installs the position to be nimble. What moreover u
10、ses is integrates the block the board style junction valve, in our country, the integrated blocks design was quite already mature, had already formed the seriation, when the design refers to the existing integrated block size, was insufficiently experienced has provided the theory basis. The hydraul
11、ic pressure station is the the essential part of hydraulic pressure designs. In the hydraulic unit various parts, parts arrangement must achieve even, is advantageous for the assembly, the adjustment, the service and the use, the hydraulic pump and the electric motor may install in hydraulic fluid t
12、anks covering, may also install outside the hydraulic fluid tank, mainly considers hydraulic fluid tanks size and the rigidity. And must pay attention to the outward appearance suitably neat and artistic.目录1前言12绪论22.1液压技术概况22.2本次设计主要研究内容23设计步骤43.1一般液压设计步骤43.2液压系统工作要求63.2.1液压传动系统的型式63.2.2液压传动系统的主要组成6
13、3.3轴承压装机的液压传动特点63.4液压传动的缺点74液压系统参数计算84.1明确设计依据进行工况分析84.2拟定液压系统原理图84.3液压系统的计算和选择液压元件104.3.1液压缸主要参数的确定104.3.2确定液压泵的流量、压力和选择泵的规格124.4.1验算系统压力损失164.4.2验算系统温升175油箱的设计235.1液压油箱有效容积的计算235.2液压油箱的外形尺寸235.3液压油箱的结构设计236液压控制装置的集成266.1块式集成的结构及特点266.1.1块式集成的结构266.1.2块式集成的特点266.2块式集成液压控制装置的设计276.2.1分解液压系统并绘制集成块单元回
14、路图276.2.2集成块的设计286.2.3块式集成液压控制装置总装图的绘制336.3通用集成块系列347其它液压辅件的选用347.1液压油347.1.1液压油的品种347.1.2液压油的粘度357.2过滤器368 液压站的设计368.1液压泵的安装方式378.2电动机与液压泵的连接方式388.3液压站结构设计的注意事项389结论39谢辞40参考文献41外文资料421前言铁道运输是国家的运输命脉，它分布广，运输量大，客货并进，对国民经济的发展起着非常重要的作用。为进一步提高运营能力和效率、增强与航空、公路、水运的竞争力，提高行车速度是关键。随着列车的不断提速，机车的平稳性和安全性则需要更高的要
15、求，而轮对轴承的压装质量是这一问题的关键。因而，轮对轴承压装机应运而生。轮对轴承压装机的功用是将轴承压装在轮对上。它由伸套定位、压装、顶对、送对等及部分构成，动作由液压缸实现。伸套缸安装于支撑架上，两端各一个；顶对缸在两道轨之间，作用在轮对中部，并与两伸套缸同在一个轴线。铁道轮对轴承压装机的液压缸动作，通过多个压力继电器发信，实现循环过程的自动控制。其自动循环动作过程为：推入轮对伸套定位轮对锁紧压装轴承伸套杆、压装杆退回落对送对，各个缸复位，一个工作循环结束。液压传动是以流体作为工作介质对能量进行传动和控制的一种传动形式。利用有压的液体经由一些机件控制之后来传递运动和动力。相对于电力拖动和机械传动而言，液压传动具有输出力大，重量轻，惯性小，调速方便以及易于控制等优点，因而广泛应用于工程机械，建筑机械和机床等设备上。液压工
