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1、2022年考博英语-清华大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any（ ）ones in thisarea?问题1选项A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。句意：他们要到大的新公寓,需要的应该是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但区别在于empty house表示完全不存在内容物; vacant house是指可能有家具放着，但暂时无人居住的房子。因此,选项C符合句意。2. 单选题So
2、metimes in drawing and designing the sign X（ ）the unknown number.问题1选项A.facilitatesB.fascinatesC.denotesD.jots【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。facilitate 使容易，推动；fascinate 使着迷，使神魂颠倒；denote 指示，表示；jot 略记，摘要记录下来。句意: 有时候, 在绘制和设计中, X（ ） 未知的数字。因此, C选项符合句意。3. 单选题Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by t
3、heir（ ）.问题1选项A.conditionsB.combinationsC.peersD.granaries【答案】C【解析】语义题。空格填入的词应与children同类型。因此C项peer （同龄人，同辈人）符合要求。4. 单选题After 1989, the external （ ） vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.问题1选项A.disruptionB.menaceC.liabilityD.emergence【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。disruption 中断，分裂；menace 威胁，胁迫; l
4、iability 责任，义务；emergence 出现，出来，暴露。句意: 1989年之后，外部 消失了，但对美国文明的危险依然存在。 因此B项符合句意和逻辑。5. 单选题When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（ ）qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。Unbiased 公正的, 无偏见的; manipulated 熟练控制的；distorted 扭歪的，
5、受到曲解的；conveyed 传达的，传输的。句中 “qualified sources of information”应该指合格的信息, 故A项unbiased “公正不偏不倚的”符合逻辑。6. 单选题（ ）and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.问题1选项A.MutilationB.InnovationC.EmpireD.Strength【答案】B【解析】语义题。句中and 连接空格跟hard work , 因此B 项innovation (创新，革新)正确。7. 单选题One of the main reasons is th
6、at the universitys（ ）attracts students and faculty staff all over the world.问题1选项A.fraudB.respondentC.misconductD.prestige【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。Fraud 欺诈; respondent （尤指离婚案的）被告；misconduct 不当行为; prestige 声望 。句意: 其中一个主要原因是大学的 吸引了全世界的学生和教职员工。故D项符合句意。8. 翻译题For most of human history, the dominant concerns about e
7、nergy have centered on the benefit side. Inadequacy of energy resources of the technologies for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on its growth. The 1970s，then, represented a turnin
8、g point. Energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be believable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.
9、The crucial question at the beginning of the 1990s is whether the trend that began in the 1970s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the a
10、nswer is the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years of population growth and industrial demand.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little differ
11、ence against consumption on todays scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth and from imports whose reliability and affordability cannot be guaranteed.【答案】在人类历史发展的长河中，人们主要关心的是能源有利的一面。能源资源不足，或者为开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术的不足，会影响能源为人类带来的利益，同时意味着能源的增长遭到干扰和限制。到
12、了 20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点，能源多方成本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的威胁不相上下。同时，也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需付出的代价，也许大于其所带来的利益。20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于，这种始于70年代的能源发展趋势是暂时的还是长远的。廉价能源时代真的一去不返，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施，有可能重登历史舞台？这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100年以来因人口空前增长带来巨大的能源需求以及工业需求。除了中东地区蕴藏着巨大的石油资源以外，地球上廉价的油气资源已经不复存在。即使偶尔找到几个大油田，同当今巨大的能源消耗相比，也是杯水车薪。对
13、于大多数国家来说，资源越来越多地依赖于深层埋藏，越来越多地依赖进口，且不说进口油气资源的可靠性无法得到保障，其对于进口国的购买力也是一个考验。9. 单选题Bad traveling conditions had seriously （ ） their progress to their destination in thatregion.问题1选项A.tuggedB.demolishedC.hamperedD.destroyed【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。句意: 恶劣的旅行条件严重 （ ） 了他们到达该地区目的地的进程。tug 用力拖，拖拉；demolish 毁坏，破坏；hamper 妨碍
14、，牵制；destroy 毁灭，消灭。C符合句意。10. 单选题Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at the sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the worlds great seaport cities would be （1 ）: New Orleans
15、, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,（2）large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme （3） .Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, （4）in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands
