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1、杂交玉米高产制种的技术措施玉米杂优品种具有高产、抗性强等优点,所以在玉米种植区,种植杂优品种已成为提高产量及增加农民收入的重要途径。为了提高玉米杂交制种产量,探讨玉米杂交制种高产技术,我所进行了三年制种试验。产量由过去的1200kg/hm2提高到现在的2325kg/hm2,增产93.75%。现将高产制种技术介绍如下。Corn hybrid variety has the advantages of high yield, strong resistance, so in the corn belt, planting mixed optimal varieties has become a i
2、mportant way to improve yield and increase farmers income. In order to improve the corn hybrid seed production, high-yield maize hybrid seed production technique, I conducted three years breeding test. Yield increase by 1200 kg/hm2 to now 2325 kg/hm2, increase 93.75%. Now the high-yielding seed prod
3、uction technology introduced as follows. 1栽培措施1 cultural practices 1.1选地及整地1.1 choose and site preparation 选隔离条件较好,土壤肥力和光照条件较好,集中连片,有排灌条件,保水保肥力强的地为制种地,并做到精细整地,畦面无大土块,无杂草,无作物残根,达到松、细、平。Choose better isolation conditions, soil fertility and light conditions are good, concentrated, irrigation and drain
4、age conditions, strong retention of fertility of the earth for the seed, and do the fine soil preparation, no big clods, strip, no weeds, no residual roots of plants, and to loose, thin and flat. 1.2重施底肥,增施磷钾肥1.2 return to fertilizers, increasing under phosphorus application 制种地要求每亩施优质农家肥15002000kg、
5、钙镁磷50kg、钾肥10kg。提高植株的抗病能力。Seed production to high-quality farmyard manure applied 1500 2000 kg per acre, 50 kg calcium magnesium phosphate, potash, 10 kg. Improve the plant disease resistance. 1.3合理安排群体结构1.3 arrange group structure 父母本行比1:5,大行距90cm,小行距40cm,株距25cm,父本留双株,母本间隔留单双株,每亩母本4500株,父本1500株。Pare
6、nts bank than 1:5, big space, 90 cm, 40 cm small spacing, planting distance 25 cm, male parent for double strains, between female parent to stay single and double strain, female parent per 4500 plants, 1500 strains of male parent. 1.4 合理确定播种期1.4 reasonable seeding time 玉米各生育阶段所需的光、温、水必须与当地的气候条件相适应,才
7、能正常生长。播种过早,低温阴雨天气易造成烂芽;播种过迟,抽雄吐丝遇梅雨高湿气候不利于授粉,影响结实率。在贺州市农科所(信都镇),早造制种可在2月下旬播种,利用地膜覆盖育苗效果较好。Corn light, temperature, growth stage and must be adapted to local climatic conditions, water can be normal growth. Early sowing, cold wet weather is easy to cause bad bud; Too late sowing, tasseling spinning i
8、n plum rains humidity climate conducive to pollination and seed setting rate. In He Zhoushi NongKeSuo letter (town), ZaoZao seed can be sown in late February, use of mulching film seeding effect is better. 1.5确定父母本播差期,保证花期相遇1.5 poor parents determine the seeding period, ensure meet flowering 玉米父母本花期
9、相遇是杂交制种的关键,根据父母本生育期,结合当地气候资料,准确安排父母本播差期。一般情况下,玉米雄花散粉时间延续较短,夏天在相同条件下,花粉寿命只有56h,而雌花吐丝后10d内还能受精,吐丝后15d受精能力最强。Corn parents this flowering is the key to the hybrid seed production, to meet the parents according to the growth period, considering local climate data, accurate arrange the parents bad period.
10、 In general, male flowers scattered corn powder, short duration, under the same conditions in summer, pollen life only 5 6 h, and female flowers within 10 d after spinning can fertilize, spinning 1 5 d after fertilization ability strongest. 1.6搭好丰产苗架1.6 set high seedling (1)精细播种。播前整地要求达到无根茬、无坷垃、上虚下实
11、、埂直面平,浇足底墒水。待播种子摊晒23d后用55左右的热水浸泡23min,然后用温水浸种612h,捞起后用40%乐果乳油兑水拌种均匀后点播,可以防治地下害虫。播种规格为小行距50cm,穴距33cm。采用开沟条播,每穴播3粒种子,667m2用种量约3kg。播种后在穴间(株间)点施少量复合肥,注意肥料不能沾附到种子上,以免烧坏种子,影响出苗,然后盖上35cm碎泥。播后做好父本区别标记,如在行头种上其他作物,以避免杂交种子纯度因亲本人为混淆而受影响。(1) the precision seeding. Pre-planting soil preparation required no root c
12、rop, no KeLa, virtual reality, face the bunds, foot DeShang watered. For sowing seeds tedding used after 2 3 d around 55 hot water soak 2 3 min, then soaked with 6 12 h with warm water, take it out for later use 40% dimethoate ec evenly against the water the seed on demand, to prevention and control
13、 of underground pests. Planting specifications for small spaced 50 cm, hole spacing of 33 cm. USES the furrowing seeding, each 3 seeds dibbling, 667 m2 YongZhongLiang about 3 kg. After sowing in hole (strains) between the point of a small amount of compound fertilizer, pay attention to the fertilize
14、r cant cleave to the seeds, so as not to burn out seeds, affect emergence, then cover with 3 5 cm broken mud. Sowing after completes the distinction of male parent tag, as in firepower plant other crops, and to avoid the purity of hybrid seeds by parents are affected with confusion. (2)科学施肥。玉米的全程施肥以
15、基肥为主,种肥、追肥为辅;有机肥为主,化肥为辅;磷钾肥要早施。(2) the scientific fertilization. Is given priority to with basal fertilizer in the whole process of the corn directly, secondly, fertilizer; Organic fertilizer, and secondly fertilizer; Under phosphorus applied earlier. (3)适时排灌水。玉米出苗期,保持畦面干爽,齐苗后保持干干湿湿。抽穗前10d至抽穗后20d,注意
16、保持泥土湿润,保证雌穗正常发育及父本抽雄整齐,花粉壮而多。(3) timely drainage and irrigation water. Corn seedling stage, keep the strip surface is dry, keep dry dry wet after good seedling emergence. 20 d after 10 d before heading to heading, pay attention to keep the soil moist, ensure the normal development of the ear and male parent in tasseling, pollen and more strong.
