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1、附件1：外文资料翻译译文模具的八个根本元件A stamping die is a special, one-of-a-kind precision tool that cuts and forms sheet metal into a desired shape or profile.冲压模具是一个特殊的，一次性的一种精密工具，通过切割与塑形的方法使金属成为一个理想的形状或外形。 Most dies are constructed of several basic components, including die plates, shoes, die sets, guide pins, bu
2、shings, heel blocks, heel plates, screws, dowels, and keys.大多数模具构造有几个根本组成局部，包括模板，防磨装置，模套，导向销，轴衬，垫块，垫板，螺钉，销钉，和螺栓。 Dies also need stripper, pressure, and drawing pads, as well as the devices used to secure themspools, shoulder bolts, keepers, and retainers; and gas, coil, or urethane springs.模具还需要冲孔模板
3、，压力和冲压成型板，以及可用来保护转子，肩螺栓，衔铁，保持架;和气体，线圈，或聚氨酯弹簧的工具。一、 模板，防磨装置，及模具套Die plates, shoes, and die sets are steel or aluminum plates that correspond to the size of the die (see introductory photo and Figure 1 ).模板，防磨装置，及模具套或铝板块相对应的大小模具见图片和图表1 。 They serve as the foundation for mounting the working die compon
4、ents.它们为越来越多的模具组件提供根底的效劳。 These parts must be machinedmilled or groundso that they are parallel and flat within a critical tolerance.这些零件必须通过机械球磨或抛光，以保证它们在一个可接受的范围内保持平行和平整。 Although grinding is the most popular, a milled surface now can be obtained that is as accurate as a ground surface.虽然磨削是目前最流行的
5、，但碾磨成型可以说是现在最准确的。 Most die shoes are made from steel.大多数模具防磨装置是由钢材料构成，而Aluminum also is a popular die shoe material.铝也是一个受欢送的模具防磨装置材料。 Aluminum is one-third the weight of steel, it can be machined very quickly, and special alloys can be added to it to give it greater compressive strength than low-ca
6、rbon steel.铝的质量是钢的三分之一，加工该材料速度非常快，而且可以添加特殊的合金进来，以便到达比低碳钢更大的耐压强度。 Aluminum also is a great metal for shock adsorption, which makes it a good choice for blanking dies.铝是一种很好的吸振材料，因而用它来做冲裁模是一种很好的选择。 The upper and lower die shoes assembled together with guide pins create the die set.上，下模具防磨装置装配在一起，与导向销配
7、合形成一副模具。 The lower die shoe often has machined or flame-cut holes that allow slugs and scrap created in the die to fall freely through the die shoe onto the press bed.下模具防磨装置往往有加工或火焰切割孔，让未燃烧着的燃料及废料自然地通过模具防磨装置孔到达冲压机底座，以便排出。 The holes also may serve as clearances for gas springs and other die componen
8、ts.The die shoe thickness is based on how much force can be expected during cutting and forming.模具防磨装置厚度是基于切割和成型的力度。 For example, a coining die, one that compresses metal by squeezing it between an upper and lower die section, requires a much thicker die shoe than a simple bending die.举例来说，铸币模具，其中压缩
9、金属受挤压，在上、下模具剖面之间，要求有一个更厚的模具防磨装置而不是一个简单弯曲模。图1 Die plates, shoes, and die sets, which correspond to the size of the die, serve as the foundation for mounting the working die components. Image courtesy of Eclipse Tool and Die.模板，防磨装置，及模具套，是其它更多组建工作的根底二、 导向销和轴衬Guide pins, sometimes referred to as guide
10、posts or pillars, function together with guide bushings to align both the upper and lower die shoes precisely (see Figure 2 ).导向销，有时被认为是引导或支柱，功能在于能够引导轴衬，使上，下模具防磨装置恰到好处的连接成一个整体见图表2 。 They are precision-ground components, often manufactured within 0.0001 in. Although numerous specialty mounting method
11、s can be used to install these components, there are only two basic types of guide pins and bushingsfriction pins and ball bearing-style pins.它们是精密磨光管，它的内部往往制造成0.0001英寸。尽管有许多专业的安装方法，可被用来安装这些组件，但只有两种根本类型的导向销和轴衬摩擦销和球轴承式的销。 图2 导向销指南职位或支柱 ，并引导轴衬，使上，下模具防磨装置。Friction pins are precision-ground pins that ar
12、e slightly smaller than the guide bushings inside diameter.摩擦销是精确的销，它只略小于引导套管的内径。 Pins are made from hardened tool steel, while bushings often are made from or lined with a special wear-resistant material called aluminum-bronze.销是由淬硬工具钢构成，而轴衬往往是由一份特殊的耐火材料组成或构成的所谓的铝青铜。销和轴衬中通常采用The aluminum-bronze may
13、 contain graphite plugs that help to reduce friction and wear that occur to the pins and bushings.铝青铜，它可能含有石墨，有助于减少摩擦与磨损发生。 Friction pins also help to heel the die shoes and prevent them from moving from side to side.摩擦销，也有利于固定模具防磨装置，以防止它们从一边滑向另一边。 Precision or ball bearing-style guide pins comprise
14、 precision-hardened pins, ball cages, ball bearings, and bushings.精密或球轴承式导向销包括精密硬化销，滚珠隔离圈，球轴承，轴衬。 Unlike friction pins, these pins ride on a series of ball bearings contained in a special aluminum ball cage that permits the bearings to rotate without falling out.不像摩擦销，这些销依靠一系列的球轴承来工作，其中包括专门的滚珠隔离圈，它们
15、允许轴承转动而不会脱落。 These pins have several advantages.这些销有假设干优点。 First, friction is reduced so the die can run at faster speeds without generating excessive friction and heat.首先，摩擦力减小，使模具的运行速度更快，而不会产生过量的摩擦和热量。 Second, they allow the diemaker to separate the upper and lower die shoes easily.第二，它们允许制模工轻松的分开
16、上，下模具的防磨装置。 Third, because they use ball bearings, they can be manufactured with greater accuracy than friction pins.第三，因为它们使用滚珠轴承，因而制造出来的精度比摩擦销更高。 Remember, guide pins are meant to align the upper and lower die shoes, not to align a poorly maintained or sloppy ram in a press!请记住，导向销，在压力下，是为了校准上，下模具防磨装置，而不是校准不利于维护和湿滑的连杆！ Some companies try to compensate for a poorly maintained press by adding oversized guide pins or grinding the guide pin ends
