《非谓语动词(二)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词(二)（8页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、非谓语动词(二)一一动名词【基本概念】1. 现行高中教材中将动名词和现在分词统称为-ing形式。这样处理英语传 统语法项目的初衷是简化语法术语、淡化语法概念，让学生更多地通过语感掌 握其用法。然而，在教学实践中却遇到了另外一些不好解决的问题。其一，取 消了“现在分词”的概念之后，增加了“现在分词和过去分词的区别”这一关 键知识的教学难度：其二，混淆动名词和现在分词的概念使得属于动名词范围 的一些细节问题的教学不容易开展，如动名词做宾语的问题、分词和动名词的 逻辑主语问题等。现在分词和动名词都可以做定语和表语，概念却有所不同。遇到这些问题 完全可以采取淡化或者回避的办法，就如同我们很少强调形容词
2、做定语、表语 同名词做定语、表语的区别一样。学生能够领悟其中的区别更好，不能理解也 无关紧要。2动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同，但语法概念和语法功能各异。动 名词具有名词的语法作用，在句子中主要充当主语和宾语。例1:动名词做主语Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable. ( P.16, Senior Book2A )Checking information is very i
3、mportant. ( P.20, Senior Book2A )Doing this can save a lot of time and money. (P.20, Senior Book2A )Learning new words and useful expressions is very important for me. ( P.22, Senior Book2A)例2:动名词做宾语After a short while he started directing films himself. ( P.26, Senior Book2A )Disney stopped drawing
4、 and watched the mouse. ( P.2, Senior Book2A )例3:动名词做介词的宾语Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. (P.3, Senior Book 1B )after在句中为介词，动名词opening做介词的宾语，形容词性物主代词its 是动名词的逻辑主语。The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child. (
5、P.3 & Senior Book2 )I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. ( P.35, Senior Book2B )having been是动名词being的完成式，做介词for的宾语。【关键知识】动名词一章的关键知识是动名词做宾语同不定式做宾语的区别。这种区别 根据“约定俗成”的原则成为语法规则，因此没有过多的道理可讲。牢牢记住 这些规则，在语言实践中能够熟练地运用，便是最好的学习方法。escape,1下列动词只能用动名词做宾语，不能用不定
6、式：suggest, finish, enjoy, prac ti se, miss, avoid, require, delay, excuse, pardon, consider, deny, help, risk 等。Besides, I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music.（P.22, Senior Book2A）Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play. （ P.25, Senior Book2A）2一些动词
7、后用动名词做宾语和用不定式做宾语意思不同。 remember, forget, regret后用动名词做宾语表示已经发生过了的动作；用不定式做宾语表示将要发生或尚未发生的动作。、remember to do表示记住要去做某事；remember doing表示记得曾经做过 某事。regret doing表示后悔做了某事；regret to say （tell）表示遗憾地说（告诉）。The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I forgot. （1991 年全国高考试题）A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn i
8、t offD. having turned it off答案为C。句子的意思是“我刚才忘记了关灯” “关灯”的动作没有发生。You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well, now I regretthat. （1995 年全国高考试题）A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done答案为Do having done是动名词doing的完成式，表示该动作先于谓语动 作，句子的意思是“后悔在会议上提出反对意见” try to do表示“设法做”（克服困难、障碍努力做
9、）；try doing表示“试着做”（对结果没有把握，尝试去做，看看是否可以）。_The little time we have together we trywisely.（上海市 1995 年高考试题）A. spending itB. to spend itC. to spendD. spending thatthe little time we have together是spend的宾语，前置以示强调。正确的答案 为Co like （love） to do表示具体的一次性动作；like （love） doing表示倾向性的 动作。Little Tom should loveto the
10、 theatre this evening. （1992 年全国高考试题）B. to takeA. to be takenC. being takenD. taken答案为A。时间状语暗示了应该考虑“一次性动作”本试题中little Tom 和谓语动词take（带领）为动宾关系，必须注意被动概念的使用。 动词need的用法同动名词做宾语有密切的关系。a）当主语是表示“人”的词语时，need的宾语用动词不定式的一般式，这 时不定式同句子的主语也是主谓关系。Right now you need to stay still until help comes. （ P.43, Senior Book2
11、B）但是，也有少数句子need的宾语同句子的主语构成动宾关系，这时need 的宾语可以用动名词或不定式的被动式：The patient will need looking after.b）当主语是表示“事”或“物”的词语时，主语同need往往为动宾关系。 这时，用need to be done或need doing均可，但要注意need doing是用动名词 的主动式表示被动的概念。These shoes need repairing.These shoes need to be repaired.You have come just in time to help us.”“Fine. Wh
12、at needs?”（1985 年广东高考试题）A. I doB. doneC. to be doneD. to do答案为Co what是句子的主语，表示事物。 stop to do和stop doing的语法结构不同，因此意思也就不同。stop doing 中的doing是动名词做宾语，表示stop动作的对象，意思为“停止做某事” Stop to do中的不定式to do是目的状语，表示“停止正在做的事的目的是要做 某事”Lets have a break.Not now. I dont want to stopyet. （1985 年广东高考试题）A. studyB. to studyC
13、. for studyingD. studying答案为Do mean doing的意思是“意谓着” “就是”I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in the office.（P.13, Senior Book2B）Missing the train means waiting for an hour.mean to do的意思是“意欲做”或“打算做”What do you mean to do?【相关知识及其运用】1. 动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语表示动名词所代表的动作是谁做的。动名词逻辑主语规范 的表达形式是：无生命的内容用名
14、词的一般形式。有生命的内容如果是名 词，用该名词的所有格；如果是代词，则用形容词性物主代词。He has always insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner. 译文：他总是坚持让别人称呼他特纳博士而不是特纳先生。his是动名词being called的逻辑主语，但同call构成被动关系。如果是主 动关系应为 call him Dr. Turner。再看下列两道试题：They insisted ona thorough rest before going back to work.A. him to takeB
15、. he tookC. his takingD. his taken答案为Comade her mother very angry.A. Helens married JackB. Helen has married JackC. Helen marrying JackD. Helens marrying Jack答案为Do2. 动名词的完成式所有非谓语动词的完成式都表示非谓语动作先于谓语动作，动名词的完成 式也不例外。Tony was very unhappy forto the party. （2000 年上海市高考试题）A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited答案为Do having been invited是动名词的完成被动式，表示否定的not必 须放在动名词结构的最前面。3. 动名词的被动式动名词的被动式同现在分词的被动式相同 being done。动名词被动式的 使用主要看动名词和句子主语的逻辑关系：主谓关系用主动式，动宾关系用被 动式。While shopping, people sometimes c
