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1、被动语态的几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。The window wont open(这扇窗户打不开。) The cow milks well(这头牛出奶率很高。)Damp wood will not fire(湿木不易燃烧。)She doesnt photograph well(她不上相。)His judgme
2、nt proved wrong(他的判断是错的。) The banana peels easily(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。) Flies kill easily in autumn(秋天苍蝇容易死亡。) It turned out fine that day(结果那天天气很好。)How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?) 2)实用动词“needwantdeserverequire +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。My hair needs cutting。The bike wants repairingIt doesnt dese
3、rve mentioningHamlet is required reading for the course(哈姆雷特为本课程指定读物。) 3)一些固定句型如：be worth doing sth have/get sth(sb.)done，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义：Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。)Mr.Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包)。The bike
4、 is under(in)repair(自行车正在修理中。)This tape recorder is in use(这种录音机正在使用中。) 4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义： There be句型：There are a lot of things to doThere is nothing to worry about不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时：I want some clothes to wash Do you have anything to say for yourself?不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾
5、语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：His sister gave him a bike to rideMy father get me a book to read 5)少数动词的进行时，有时表示被动意义：Her works are printingThe drum is beatingMy new house is building (2)“It is+V-ed+that-?结构表示被动 常用的这类结构有：“it is said that”(据说)；It is supposed that(据推测)；It is well known that(众所周知)；It is believed
6、 that(据信)；It is reported that(据报导)；It is hoped that(人们希望)；It is generally considered that(有人认为)；1twill be seen that(由此可以看出)；It must be admitted that(必须承认)；It must be pointed out that(必须指出)”等。 It is believedthought that this medicine works wellIt is required(of)him that he give the evidence(要求我提供证据)I
7、t is feared that he could not come hereIt is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries (3) “get + p.p.(动词的过去分词)表示被动： 这种结构往往用来强调动作的结果，也可用来表示突然发生的事态，或最终
8、出现的某种事实，是一种非正式语体。Did the question get answered?A Boeing 747 got crashed last week The house is getting paintedrepaired The building got damaged in the floodThousands of soldiers got killed in the warAs I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail注在下列句子中，不能使用“get + p.p. (动词的过去分词)”结构。 误：He got born in 19
9、76正：He was born in 1976误：The stow got written by him正：The story Was written by him误：The conference got being held in London正：The conference is being held in London (4) 注意以下被动语态的几种情况 1)短语动词变为被动语态后，其后的介词或副词应紧随其后。Frank was brought up by his auntThe babies are well looked afterThe meeting Was put offThe
10、 salesman was put out by Mr.Wilsons question(威尔逊先生的问题把那位售货员惹火了。) 2)“Verb+宾语+宾补”变为被动语态后，宾语转化为主语，宾补转化为主补。The wall Was painted white(We painted the wal1 white)He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart) The house was found empty(We found the house empty)He Was heard to play the guitar in the nex
11、t door(I heard him play the guitar in the next door)浅析动词被动语态的几种特殊用法 重庆 / 谢仕芳 一、短语动词（“动词介词 / 副词”、“动词副词介词”），如： look after, laugh at, operate on, bring out, give up, put off, do away with, make up for, look down upon 等作谓语，变被动语态时，要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能漏掉。例如： 1. We look after the baby carefully. 我们小心地照看着婴
12、儿。 The baby is looked after carefully. 2. The doctor operated on him at once. 医生立刻给他动了手术。 He was operated on at once. 二、感官动词（ see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等）和使役动词（ let, make, have 等）用在主动句中，要求后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，但变被动语态时，要加上 to 。因为此时原宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。例如： 3. I saw the boy play in the street. 我看见那个男孩在街上
13、玩。 The boy was seen to play in the street. 4. She made me stand for 45 minutes. 她让我站了 45 分钟。 I was made to stand for 45 minutes. 三、带双宾语的句子变被动语态时，如果“直宾”作主语，通常要在“间宾”前加 to ，但当谓语动词为 make, mend, buy, pay, get, sing, cook, fetch, spare, find 等时，要在“间宾”前加 for 。例如： 5. They pass me a letter. 他们递给我一封信。 A lette
14、r is passed to me. 6. The mother bought her daughter a gift. 那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物。 A gift was bought for her daughter. 四、带复合宾语（宾语宾语补足语）的句子，即宾语和宾语补足语都是名词或代词充当的句子，变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾补保留在谓语后面。例如： 7. They call the girl Lucy. 他们叫那个女孩露茜。 The girl is called Lucy. 五、当 anybody, anything 等不定代词作主动式否定句的宾语时，变被动语态
15、时，应将其变为 nobody, nothing 作被动句的主语，而把被动句的谓语动词变为肯定形式。例如： 8. He hasnt eaten anything until this morning. 到今天早上为止他什么都没吃。 Nothing has been eaten until this morning. 六、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式的，也不可用其过去分词作后置定语，如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等。例如： 9. The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 在 1861 年美国内战爆发了。 10. The accident which took place last week surprised us. 上星期发生的事件使我们很惊讶。 七、当谓语动词为 say, report, think, belie
