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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The brain is totally dependent on the oxygen （ ）by its blood supply, and brain cells will die if deprived of oxygen for more than a few minutes.问题1选项A.producedB.pickedC.conductedD.conveyed【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。produce “生产”；pick “选择”; conduct “组织，实施，进行”；convey “传达；运
2、输”。句意：大脑完全依靠血液供应中_的氧气，如果缺氧超过几分钟，脑细胞就会死亡。空格处所填的动词用来说明氧气与血液供给的关系，显然血液是不可能”生产”“选择”或者”组织”氧气的，只能是”传送”，因此选项D符合题意。2. 单选题The workload can be evened out, instead of the shop having busy times and（ ）periods.问题1选项A.prosperousB.memorableC.discreteD.slack【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；memorable “难忘的，值得纪念的
3、”；discrete“离散的，不连续的”；slack “松弛的，萧条的”。句意：工作量可以均衡分配，这样商店就不会有旺季和淡季之分。选项D符合句意。3. 不定项选择题While its widely accepted that drinking too much is bad for you, conventional wisdomand the governments dietary guidelinessay that alcohol can be consumed in moderation. The US government defines that as one drink a d
4、ay for women and two for men. This study, published in the BMJ on Tuesday, finds that drinking around these levels8 to 12 drinks a weekis associated with a few measures of cognitive decline that showed up on brain scans.Researchers brought 550 Londoners to Oxford and ran them through an MRI machine.
5、 But these werent just any Londonersthey were government employees who, about every five years since 1985, had been filling out surveys about their health regimens, including how much alcohol they consumed. This enabled the researchers to look for relationships between the individuals drinking habit
6、s and what showed up on their brain scans.The researchers found that moderate drinking over those 30-plus years was associated with degeneration and shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain involved in memory and navigation, and degeneration of the brains white matter. Consuming one more
7、alcoholic drink per week was associated with a 0.01 percent decrease in the size of the hippocampus. For comparison, aging one year is associated with a 0.02 percent decrease.The study only looked at a few hundred Londoners, mostly well-educated and middle-class, so it may not be representative of a
8、 wider population. Topiwala, a psychiatry professor at the University of Oxford, pointed out there might have been “selection bias” in the sampleindividuals had to get from London to Oxford in order to undergo the MRI scans and then spend an hour in a brain scanning machine and undergo other memory
9、testswhich individuals who were alcohol dependent or had suffered brain damage from alcohol use might be less likely to do.In an accompanying editorial, Killian Welch, a neuropsychiatrist at a hospital in Scotland, wrote that the study might change what we think constitutes a healthy level of drinki
10、ng. “The findings strengthen the argument that drinking habits many regard as normal have adverse consequences for health,” Welch wrote. This is important. We all use rationalizations to justify persistence with behaviors not in our long-term interest. With the publication of this paper, justificati
11、on of moderate drinking on the grounds of brain health becomes a little harder.48. The US government would probably agree that _.49. The subjects of the research _.50. According to Paragraph 3, hippocampus _.51. The study is questioned, because _.52. What can we infer from Welchs commentary?53. This
12、 passage could be best titled _.问题1选项A.8 to 12 drinks a week is an acceptable levelB.dietary guidelines should be modifiedC.moderate drinking can lead to brain damageD.the findings of the BMJ study have been confirmed问题2选项A.do not live in London permanentlyB.regularly reported their drinking habitsC
13、.were skeptical of the MRI resultsD.believed in the negative effect of drinking on health问题3选项A.coordinates brain functionsB.remains stable in size without drinkingC.gets smaller when people drink moreD.results in the shrinking of the white matter问题4选项A.the subjects are under stress when taking MRIB
14、.the sampling process is not scientific enoughC.the memory tests are not from authoritative sourcesD.the alcoholics are likely to suffer brain damage问题5选项A.A healthy level of drinking is important.B.Brain health will improve if drinking is only moderate.C.Even moderate drinking is harmful to health.
15、D.The sales of alcohol will decrease after this publication.问题6选项A.Drinking Habits Should Be AbandonedB.Moderate Drinking Could Cause Brain DeclineC.Governmental Guidelines Should Be FollowedD.Aging Process Affects the Size of Hippocampus【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C第6题:B【解析】48. 【选项释义】The US government would probably agree that _. 美国政府可能会同意_。A. 8 to 12 drinks a week is an acceptable level A. 每周喝八至十二杯是一个可接受的水平B. dietary guidelines should be modified
