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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The national bank has been uncommonly powerful in comparison to its counterparts in other nations. It retains this potency partly because its control of the nations banking system is unencumbered by governmental interference, and thus its actions remain l
2、argely _.问题1选项A.discretionaryB.bureaucraticC.compulsoryD.lucrative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discretionary“自由决定的”；B选项bureaucratic“官僚主义的”；C选项compulsory“义务性的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意：与其他国家的同类银行相比，国家银行一直非常强大。它之所以保持这种效力，部分原因是它对国家银行体系的控制没有受到政府干预的阻碍，因此它的行动在很大程度上仍然是_。根据语境，这里指国家银行没有受政府干预的阻碍，在行动上比较自由，所以discretionary“
3、自由决定的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题We have been hearing _ accounts of your work.问题1选项A.favoredB.favorableC.favoriteD.favoring【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项favored“受惠的；受到优待的”；B选项favorable“赞许的；起促进作用的”；C选项favorite“最喜欢的”；D选项favoring“有帮助的”。句意：我们一直听到对你工作的_评价。accounts“表现好或不好”搭配favorable“赞许的”比较合理，在这里指对工作的好评。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Nowhe
4、re in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.问题1选项A.combinedB.having combinedC.combineD.being combined【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在自然界中找不到游离的铝，因为铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最常见的是和氧结合在一起，。根据owing to its确定用名词形式，根据语境确定动名词应该是被动形式，表示状态，D选项being combined符合题意。因此D选项正确。
5、4. 单选题_ he gave up the speech.问题1选项A.At a loss for a wordB.While at a loss for a wordC.When at a loss for a wordD.If at a loss for a word【答案】A【解析】考查原因状语。句意：他想不出一个词来，只好放弃演讲。横线部分是原因状语。根据选项内容可知横线部分不是从句而是短语，句子还原成：He gave up the speech at a loss for a word. A选项At a loss for a word符合题意。因此A选项正确。5. 翻译题Human
6、 beings: in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 41. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own pe
7、culiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversify in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on t
8、his planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, Anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind, Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 42. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study h
9、umans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfi
10、eld or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 43. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with
11、 a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropology analysis rests heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellec
12、tual achievements of 19th century science. 44. Tylor defined culture as “.that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” So profound in its simplicity, this insight opened up an entirely new way of pe
13、rceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylors definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.45. Thus, the Anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of
14、 concrete research and understanding.【答案】41. 另外，人类还有能力改善自己的生存环境，从而使所有其他形态的生命服从于人类自己独特的想法和想象。42. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图寻求像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性、有序、系统和客观的方式研究人类及其行为。43. 重视收集第一手资料，结合在分析古今的文化现象时采用跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独一无二并且极为重要的社会科学。44. 泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合整体，（它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。”45. 因此，人类学中“文化”的概念就像数学中“集
15、合”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和理解成为可能。6. 单选题What do you think of Toms proposal that _ put on the play at tonights ceremony?问题1选项A.we will notB.we notC.we hadntD.we wouldnt【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆提议我们不在今晚的典礼上演出，你觉得怎么样?“一个坚持（insist）、两个命令（order, command）、三个建议（advise, suggest, propose）、四个要求（demand, require, request, ask）”这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略，所以B选项we not符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer _ about how life would be with a pro
