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1、专题5 动词的时态和语态2016年高考题1.【2016北京】21.Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. worksB. has workedC. was workingD. would work【答案】C考点：考查时态【名师点睛】一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动
2、的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun wa
3、s shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。2.【2016北京】23. Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ he
4、re for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting【答案】D考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.They have been
5、 living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时等的动作刚结束)She has been working all night long.3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停） Weve been discussing the matter several times this year. I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.3.【2016北京】25.
6、 I _ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read【答案】B【解析】试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成时基本用法：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever
7、, never, just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learn
8、ed English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题：1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作
9、不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别： have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来； have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。I saw this film yesterday.
10、（强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）现在完成时考点分析：现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has
11、 been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you
12、 will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.4.【2016北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewardedC. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D考点：考查时态和语态【名师点睛】一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall +
13、动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to 表将来，不能用在条
14、件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do when
15、sb did sth。Autumn harvest is about to start.被动语态的构成一般式进行式完成式现在时am/is/are+p.pam/is/are+being+ p.phave/has+been + p.p过去时was/were+ p.pwas/were+being+ p.phad +been + p.p将来时shall/will+be+p.pshall/will+have been+ p.p注意：含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式构成。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”。5.【2016江苏】22.More efforts, as rep
