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1、简单句：（五种）主语 +谓语（vi）主语 +谓语（vt） +宾语主语 +谓语（vt） +间接宾语+直接宾语主语 +谓语（vt） +宾语 +宾语补足语宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或者介词之后。宾语的形式：1动词宾语He likes music.2介词宾语They are talking about the movie.3双宾语：间接宾语( sb)直接宾语( sth)He gave me a book .注意：当两宾语都为代词时，必须用介词把人放后面。Pleasegiveittome4形式宾语真正宾语I think it hard to finish this difficult
2、 job before Sunday.句型：主语find/think it adj. to do sth.主语：动作的发出者。主语的形式：1、位于句首。The sun rises in the east(名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Ten years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)2、形式主语 + 真正主语Its adj. +that句型：Its adj. for sb. t
3、o do sth.Itsadj. of sb. to do sth.Its no adj. (for sb.) doing sth.谓语；表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。谓语的形式：1简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成How often do you go shopping?Why didnt you come back last night?2情态动词助动词vYou may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cough.3系动词 表语（ 说明主语是什么或怎么样）We are students.Tha
4、t idea sounds great!My father is a teacher. (名词)You look younger than before. (形容词)Everyone is here. (副词)They are at the theatre. (介词短语)My job is to teach them English. (不定式)Her job is training the nurses (动名词)That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.(从句)主语 +系动词+表语He never argues with friends.
5、(名词)He often helps me (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)He likes to sleep in the open air. (不定式)The Americans enjoyed living in China. .(动名词)I believe that they can finish the work in time(从句)There be 结构：（倒装句）就近原则并列句: 简单句连接词简单句1、是指由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的句子，其中简单句由并列连词连在一起。并列连词连接的简单句叫做分句。联合关系连词
6、转折关系连词选择关系连词因果关系连词and（和；同；与；又；并且）both.and（既.又.） notonly.butalso（不仅.而且.）（就近原则）aswellas（和；同；也；除.之外）（主谓一致）never.but(除了不会)when就在这时，然后neithernor（既不也不）等。but（但是；可是；而；却）while（而；但是；可是；却）however，nevertheless，yet，still（但是；然而；尽管如此）when（正当那时；突然； or（否则，要不然；或者，也不；）orelseotherwiseneither.nor（既不.也不.）NeitherAnorBnorC
7、either.or（或是.或是.；不是.就是.） eitherAorBorCnot.but（不是.而是.）so（原因+so+结果，意为因此，所以）for（结果+for+原因，意义上与从属连词because/since/as相同，但只能接简单句）注意：名词A+aswellas+名词B，作主语，强调A；notonly+名词A+butalso+名词B，作主语，强调Bwhen作这种用法时，主要用于was/weredoingsth.whensth./sb.did;was/wereabouttodosth.whensth./sb.did;was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.whens
8、th./sb.did等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。but,while不与although连用，但yet,still可与although连用。but不需要另起新句。However需要另起新句，中间用逗号隔开。注意：不能与because出现在同一句子中，因为because是从属连词，so是并列连词注意：for引导的句子只能置于句末，之前必须有逗号并列句的省略：若后面分句有词和前面分句的词重复，为避免重复，可省Eg：Iworkinafactoryandmysister(works)onafarm.“祈使句(名词短语)，and/or+陈述句”，其中祈使句表
9、示一个条件(名词短语可能表示条件或时间)，and后的句子表示结果，or后面的句子表示相反的结果。Climbtothetopofthemountain,andyoullgetagoodviewofthecity.爬上山顶你就会欣赏到这个城市的美景。Hurryup,oryoullbelate赶快，不然你会迟到的。复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。宾补的形式此类动词有宾语名词名词起到补充说明的作用call，name，make，find，choose、 think、 leave等We call him Jac
10、k.They made Li Lei their monitor.宾语形容词与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系think，believe，leave，drive，make，keep，turn，wish，want等。Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean. (classroom is clean.)宾语副词表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系down，up，here，there，home，in，out，anywhere等Let him in/ out.Mr. Li drove us home.宾语介词短语表示宾语所处的状
11、态，两者有主表关系。We found everything in good order.We regard him as our good friend.宾语不定式A ：带to的不定式。要求命令ask tell想要 want邀请invite期待expect鼓励encourage与建议advise答应promise告诫warn允许allow提醒remindThe cool water of the lake invited us to swim.B ：不带to 的不定式。一感二听三让四看一感feel二听hear listen to 三让make let have四看see notice watc
12、h observeThe boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.I often hear him read English in his room.C： 注意help 后可加to 或不加to。She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.宾语现在分词句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.宾语过去分词过去分词表示被动和完成,宾语和宾补之间是
13、被动关系I had my bike stolen.I speak loudly to make myself heard形式宾语形容词We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.宾语what 从句Call me what you like.定语用来修饰名词或代词，对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。定语+名词后置定语修饰不定代词something，anything，nothing，something，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody 定语后置。介词短语作定语时要后置。动词的不定式作定语时要后置nearby，below，downstairs等个别方位词作定时要语后置定语从句
