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1、公共交通运输系统外文文献翻译 (含：英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处：Marinov Kim. The fractal structure of Seouls public transportation systemJ. Cities, 2013, 20(1):31-39.英文原文 Public transportation systemMarinov KimAbstractTransportation systems provide significantly different services than urban suburbs, which often leads to differe
2、nt assumptions about the users choice of transportation method. The simulation model mentioned in this paper proposes a policy for evaluating the impact of transport services. The mode of transportation is considered to be public transport, including light rail transit (light rail) and buses, plus p
3、rivate cars. In the three-step traveler behavior simulation model, the concept of generalized transportation cost is used. It proposes various types of transportation, as well as advice on residents travel options and the quantification of suburban residential community forms, and uses data derived
4、from a typical corridor in Beijing, China. The simulation results show that lowering fares, increasing the comprehensive capacity of public transport, and penalties for private cars are necessary to improve the efficiency of the system and the attractiveness of the suburbs, especially for those with
5、 low income; without roads Pricing will encourage middle-income residents to shift to private cars. At the same time, high-income earners may leave the suburbs due to road congestion; however, improvements in public transportation can attract more short- and medium-distance travelers, but passengers
6、 are not sensitive to travel distance.Key words: generalized cost, public transportation, congestion pricing, transportation service, BeijingSince the 1990s, large and medium-sized cities in China have experienced suburbanization, and the spatial structure of these cities has been gradually formed,
7、relying heavily on the advancement of transportation. Due to population explosions and the transformation of the central cities, many suburban towns have developed into residential areas, and most of these newly developed towns and cities are employed by central cities or nearby industrial areas. Fo
8、r example, more than 80% of the residents of the Longkou suburban community work in Beijing or in central cities in developed regions. Almost half of the Beijing community residents are employed in the CBD of Chaoyang District. These areas pose new challenges to traffic policy makers and urban plann
9、ers in the planning of transportation systems and the provision of operational efficiency.In many cases, border towns connect central cities or industrial parks via highways and city tracks. Compared with traditional cities, suburban exhibitions exhibit more stable modes of transport use, rely more
10、on public transportation, private cars, and less use of motorized modes (bicycles, walking). Working distance has a greater impact on peoples mode of transportation than any single factor. This feature can profoundly affect the suburbanization of the population and restrict some people from immigrat
11、ing to the suburbs.This article uses Beijing in the northwestern region as a test case to analyze the policies for transport services, mainly the costs and service quality, and will affect the overall transport system and urban spatial structure. The organization of this article is as follows: Secti
12、on 2 briefly reviews some of the recent literature on the choice of transport mode and compares it with the Haicheng Corridor case in Haicheng City, especially China. The third section discusses the concept of transport costs in general and establishes new concepts, including the use of generalized
13、costs and the obstacles to shifting the cost budget. In the fourth quarter, the passenger transport mode selection behavior simulation model was introduced between public transport and driving, and then it turned to the China experience transport service policy and the selection of Haicheng Haicheng
14、 travel mode. In the fifth section, the special mention was made of the rapid suburbanization of the northwestern region using Beijings light rail and highway. In section VI, the main findings and policy implications are drawn. A large number of research institutions are studying the choice of trans
15、portation mode and individual travel mode. In general, there are three common ways to determine this problem. The first part focuses on the characteristics of each model that influences choice decisions, and the empirical research used to change the results, study people and tourism purposes. For ex
16、ample, the travel-to-work behavior in Accra (Ghana) is primarily determined by the perceived quality of service, commercial commuter cars, and the personal circumstances of the employees, rather than by waiting for the time or the car. In the United Kingdom, to determine the itinerary for visiting relatives and friends, economic factors explain the choice of mode to a large extent, and the reasons for qualitative use of private transport are often secondary (Cohen, H
