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1、xx 文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages xx 夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of
2、alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ide
3、asGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里xx13401400(首创 “双韵体 ”，xx 文学史上首先用 xx 方言写作。约翰 xx（John Dryden）称其为 “xx诗歌之父 ”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。 )The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic双couplet韵体) by middle( English 特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉 xx1/26Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Roma
4、nce(传奇故事 )Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in b
5、eginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissancerebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of
6、ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenserxxxx15521599（后人称之为 “诗人的诗人 ”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poet s corner of Westerminster Abbey2/26 仙后 (for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not“ Arms and the man
7、” , but something more romanticwars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1.Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. 牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. 爱情小唱 ?2. Th
8、omas? More 托马斯 ?xx14781535 One of the greatest English humanists xx3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯 培根 15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.? 学术的推进 随笔 (famous quotas: )?3/26The theme of Of S
9、tudies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson 狐狸5. Christopher? Marlowexxxx xx15641595“ University Wits” , the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. xx 博士的悲剧（根据 xx 民间故事书写成） 帖 xx 大帝 ? x
10、x 的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉 莎士比亚 15641616? Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V；Richard II；Henry VIII Four Comedies 四大喜剧 :皆大欢喜 ;4/26第十二夜 ;xx之梦;威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies 四大悲剧 : 哈姆莱特 ;xx;xx;xx Shakespeare Sonnet : 154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a l
11、yric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.IIIThe 17th Century1. John Milton 约翰 弥尔顿 16081674（诗人、政论家 ;失明后写失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）5/26 Epics: 失乐园复乐园 Dramatic poem: 力士参孙 论出版自由 ?为 xx 人民声辩 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰 xx16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是 xx 文学史上里程碑式著作。与 xx 的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人 ) Religio
