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1、题型：（范围28章）1填空：5题10分2选择：10题20分3判断：10题10分4简答：2题10分5计算：4题40分6论述：1题10分第二章 Payments among Nations 国际收支1.Accounting principles 记账原则A credit item (+)positive items: a country must be paid; payment by a foreigner into the country.包括：Exports of goodsPurchases by foreigners in this countryForeigners investing
2、 in the countrys bondsA debit item (-)negative items： a country must pay; payment by the country to a foreigner.包括：Imports of goodsPurchases by firms in this country from foreign countriesPurchases by investors in this country from foreigners2Balance of Payments Statement国际收支平衡u Current account（经常账户
3、）:简CA（商品、服务的进出口、对外国金融资产的支付和收益、单方面转移）u Financial account（金融账户）:简FA (直接投资、国际证券投资)u Official international reserves（官方国际储备）:简OR（黄金、外汇资产、在国际货币基金的特别提款权）u 三个国际收支部分，根据Each transaction has two item, one positive and one negative, of equal value. double-entry bookkeeping复式记账法有：positive items + negative items
4、 = 0positive balance: surplusnegative balance: deficit（1） Current account balance经常账户差额经常账户差额(CA) = 商品贸易差额 + 劳务差额加上收入净额 + 无偿转移收支净额之和。盈余（）：一国在与外国交易中增加了资产或减少了负债。赤字（）：一国在与外国交易中减少了资产或增加了负债。CA = If （Net foreign investment (If)：净国外投资）CA = S Id （National saving (S)：国际储备 ，domestic investment (Id)：国内投资.） S =
5、 Id + If （国际储备=国内投资+净国外投资）Y = C + Id + G +(X M) （商品和劳务的生产= 消费+投资政府支出贸易差额）E = C + Id + G （对商品和劳务总支出=消费+投资政府支出）据Y = E +(X M), CA = (X M) 可以推导出CA = Y ESurplus盈余Deficit赤字Positive net foreign investment lender) 贷款者Net foreign borrower借款者Saving more than investing domestically 储蓄超过国内投资Domestic savings les
6、s than domestic investment储蓄低于国内投资Producing more than spending on goods and services 生产超过支出Spending more than producing生产少于支出If CA is in deficit, then what could we do?（若CA是赤字，我们应该怎么做？）Increase Y, or decrease E.（增加商品和劳务的生产，或减少对商品和劳务的总支出）（2）Official settlements balance官方结算差额OR Current account balance
7、 + Private capital balance 即B = CA + KA 因为所有项目最终差额必须为0，所以官方结算差额的不平衡必须用官方储备资产（OR）来弥补，因此，B + OR = 0意义： 如B0，则外汇贮备增加。 如B0，则外汇贮备减少。l 课后作业8. you are given the following information about a countrys international transactions during a year:Merchandise exports 商品出口 $330Merchandise imports 商品进口 198Service ex
8、ports 劳务出口 196Service imports 劳务进口 204Imcome flows,net流量净额 3Unilateral transfers,net 单方面转移金额 -8Increase in the countrys holding of foreign assets,net 202(excluding official reserve assets)增加在该国的净外国资产Increase in foreign holding of the countrys assets,net 102(excluding official reserve assets)增加在该国的本国
9、资产 Statistical discrepancy, net净统计误差 4A. Caculate the values of the countrys goods and services balance,current account balance经常账户余额,and official settlements balance官方储备资产余额.Merchandise trade balance: $330 - 198 = $132Goods and services balance: $330 - 198 + 196 - 204 = $124Current account balance:
10、 $330 - 198 + 196 - 204 + 3 - 8 = $119Official settlements balance: $330 - 198 + 196 - 204 + 3 - 8 + 102 - 202 + 4 = $23B.What is the value of the change in official reserve assets(net)官方储备资产?Is the country increasing or decreasing its net holding of official reserve assets?Change in official reserv
11、e assets (net) = - official settlements balance = -$23.The country is increasing its net holdings of official reserve assets.第三章The Foreign Exchange Market 外汇市场Exchange rate汇率：an exchange rate is the price of one nations money in terms of another nations money.Floating exchange rate and fixed exchan
12、ge rate 浮动汇率和固定汇率Arbitrage within the spot exchange market现汇市场的套汇Spot exchange rate 即期汇率eForward exchange rate 远期汇率fRetail part of the market 外汇零售市场(银行与个人、公司等一般客户之间的外汇交易市场。)Interbank part of the market 外汇批发市场(银行同业之间的外汇买卖及其场所。)vehicle currency媒介货币 depreciation贬值demand deposits活期存款 appreciation 升值Quot
13、ations 报价 devaluation法定贬值Par value平价 revaluation 法定升值Arbitrage套利 Cross-rate交叉汇率Direct arbitrage直接套利Triangular arbitrage 三角套汇-arbitrage through three rates1.Demand and supply for foreign exchange (外汇的需求与供给)(1)U.S exports of goods and services will create a supply of foreign currency and a demand for
14、U.S. dollars. 美国的商品和服务的出口将造成大量的外国货币供应量和对美元的需求。(2)U.S imports of goods and services will create a demand for foreign currency and a supply of U.S. dollars.美国的商品和服务进口将创建一个为外国货币和美元的供给需求(3)U.S capital outflows will create a demand for foreign currency. 美国资本外流将创建一个为外国货币的需求。(4)U.S capital inflows will create a supply of foreign currency. 美国资本流入将创造大量的外国货币供应量。u 一国商品和劳务的出口形成了外币的供给，进口形成对外币的需求。u 对国外金融资产的购买形成外币的需求，外国对本国金融资产的购买形成了外币的供给。l 课后作业
