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1、2022年考博英语-云南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Here is a great irony of 21st-century global public health; while many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased
2、risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes.To reverse the obesity epide
3、mic, we must address fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less active. Market economies encourage this. They turn people with expe
4、ndable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, television sets, and computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight is good for business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats.Moreover, food i
5、s so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones, have far more than they needanother irony. In the United States, to take an extreme example, most adultsof all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categoriesare overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3,800 kilocalories pe
6、r person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many adults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed towards children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think
7、 of any major industry that might benefit if people ate less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet, or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more, and all employ armies of lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating.1.T
8、he great irony of 21st century global public health refers to（ ）.2.To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is（ ）.3.As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to（ ）.4.As a result of the third irony, people（ ）.5.Which of the following can be e
9、xcluded based on the passage?问题1选项A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous consumption of foodC.the scarce natural resource and the negligence of food securityD.the consumption of food and the increased risk of diet-related diseases问题2选项A.to improve pol
10、itical and economic managementB.to cope with the energy imbalance issueC.to combat diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health问题3选项A.affluence and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperityD.diseases of civilization and pathology of i
11、nactivity问题4选项A.consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basisB.complain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards weight gain问题5选项A.The economic dimension.B.The political dimension.C.The humane dimension.D.The dietary dimension.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细
12、节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Here is a great irony of 21st-century global public health; while many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-rel
13、ated chronic diseases”, 这是21世纪全球公共卫生的一个巨大讽刺；虽然由于经济不平等、政治腐败或战争，数以亿计的人缺乏足够的食物，但还有数以亿计的人体重过重，已增加了患与饮食有关的慢性疾病的风险。因此D选项符合题意。2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity”, 这种失衡的原因同样具有讽刺意味：繁荣程度的提高，最后一段“All flourish when people eat more, and all employ armies of lob
14、byists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating”，当人们吃得更多的时候，所有国家都繁荣昌盛，所有国家都雇佣成群的说客来阻止政府采取任何措施抑制过度饮食。由此可知，要解决肥胖的流行，要从经济和政治方面进行管理。因此A选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less
15、 active”, 这种失衡的原因同样具有讽刺意味：繁荣程度的提高。人们用额外的收入吃得更多，少做运动。由此可知，人们在变得富裕的同时，却也有了肥胖症同样也是一种讽刺。因此A选项符合题意。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed towards children. Food marketing pro
16、motes weight gain.”，过多的食物迫使公司通过广告、健康宣传、新产品、更大的份量和针对儿童的活动来竞争销售。食品营销促进体重增加。由此可知，人们在这种食品过剩的大环境中，被迫摄入过多的热量，最后体重增加。因此D选项符合题意。5.细节事实题。文中并未涉及到人文维度。因此C选项符合题意。2. 单选题From 1947 to 1950 abstract expressions came to full maturity, and （ ）the 1950s this style dominated the New York City art scene.问题1选项A.therebyB.whenC.
