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1、人教版英语精品资料Period 3Grammar1.能正确运用动词-ing形式作定语和状语的用法。2.培养学生学习语法的能力。1.通过完成教材P29的练习,掌握现在分词作定语和状语的基本特征和用法。2.学会根据句子的真实情境体会现在分词作定语和状语的区别。重点语法动词的-ing形式作定语和状语用所给词的正确形式填空1.Tom, look at the(run) river.Is it beautiful?2.(find) work is difficult these days in many countries.3.Have you found my(sleep) bag?4.(pass)
2、a post office, I stopped to buy some stamps.5.(compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.6.(save) a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.7.Ive never heard the word(use) in spoken English.8.(not know) how to do the
3、homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.9.Deeply(move), I thanked her again and again.10.He went from door to door, (gather) waste papers and magazines.【答案】1.running2.Finding3.sleeping4.Passing5.Compared6.Having saved7.used8.Not knowing9.moved10.gathering动词的-ing形式作定语和状语一、动词-ing形式作定语动名词作定语用来说明该名词
4、的用途,不表示名词本身的动作;现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系,即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。We must improve our working method. (动名词)我们必须改进工作方法。They set up an operating table in a small temple.(动名词)他们将手术台设在一座小庙里。China is a developing country. (现在分词)中国是发展中国家。The student making the experiment is our monitor.(现在分词)正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。动词-in
5、g形式作定语时,应注意以下两点:(1)动名词短语不能作定语,单个的动名词可以用作定语,但仅作前置定语。working method = method for working 工作方法(2)单个现在分词和现在分词短语都可作定语,单个现在分词一般作前置定语,现在分词短语则作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。the man visiting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan 访日的那个人二、动词-ing形式作状语的句法功能1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking.
6、= When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking.听到有人在敲门,他们停止了谈话。2.作原因状语(相当于一个原因状语从句)Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. = As he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.因为生病了,昨天他没去上学。3.作伴随状语(动词-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,相当于一个并列谓语)They stood there, waiting for
7、 the bus. = They stood there and waited for the bus. 他们站在那儿等公共汽车。4.作方式状语(相当于一个并列句)He died a glorious death, fighting the enemy for the people.=He died a glorious death, and he fought the enemy for the people. 他为了群众同敌人搏斗,光荣牺牲了。5.作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果,不定式短语作结果状语表示事与愿违的结果)Her husband died last year, leaving
8、her with three children.她的丈夫去年去世了,撇下她和三个孩子。三、动词-ing形式的时态 语态形式 主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1.动词-ing形式的一般式,可以表示没有时间先后顺序的动作,即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作;一般式还可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作;有时也指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。I wish you would quit complaining.我希望你不再抱怨。(一般性动作)Chatting with each other, we enjoyed our dinne
9、r.我们边吃边聊。(与谓语同时发生)Most doctors strongly insist on giving up smoking and taking plenty of exercise.大多数医生强烈建议放弃抽烟并且多进行锻炼。(发生在谓语之后)2.动词-ing形式的完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。Having finished work, she got ready to go shopping. 完成工作后,她准备去购物。Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak. 由于病了两周,她感到身体很虚弱。四、动词-ing形
10、式的否定式:not + 动词-ing。Not knowing this, he didnt come.他不知道这件事,所以没来。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。五、部分动词-ing形式可以充当独立成分。这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系。常见的这样的动词-ing形式(短语)有:generally / strictly / exactly speaking大体 / 严格 / 准确说来judging from / by.根据判断talking
11、 of.谈到considering.考虑到;鉴于supposing(that).假设;假定regarding.关于六、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的区别1.语态不同:动词-ing形式表示主动概念,与其相关的名词或代词之间构成一种“主谓关系”;而动词-ed形式表示被动概念,与其相关的名词或代词构成一种“动宾关系”。a moving film一部感人的电影a moved girl一位受感动的姑娘a running machine一台转动的机器a stolen car一辆被盗的汽车2.时间关系上不同:动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作,或表示一个在现在或过去一段时间内经常性的动作; 动词-ed形
12、式往往表示已完成的动作或是在以前某个未知时间发生的动作。a developing country发展中国家a developed country发达国家Hearing he won the first place finally, we all jumped with joy.听到他最终获得了第一名,我们都高兴地跳了起来。I dont like canned food.I prefer something fresh.我不喜欢吃罐装食品,我爱吃新鲜的。单项填空(1)He had a wonderful childhood, with his mother to all co
13、rners of the world.A.travelB.to travelC.travelledD.travelling【答案与解析】D后半句是现在分词短语作状语,表示伴随。B项表示动作尚未发生,与前半句内容矛盾。(2)At the age of 29, David was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and what to do about his future.A.living; wonderingB.lived; wonderingC.lived; wonderedD.living; wondered【答案与解析】A句意:29岁
14、时,大卫是个工人,住在波士顿附近的一间小公寓里,不知道自己未来该干什么。现在分词作定语修饰a worker,and为并列连词,连接相同的成分。(3) many times, he finally understood it.A.ToldB.TellingC.Having toldD.Having been told【答案与解析】Dtell与主语之间是被动和完成的关系,所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。(4)Suddenly, a tall man driving a carriage the girl and took her away,into the woods.A.
15、seizing; disappearedB.seized; disappearedC.seizing; disappearingD.seized; disappearing【答案与解析】Dand连接并列谓语,故前一空格须用过去时;disappear是不及物动词,此处用现在分词短语作状语,表示主动和伴随。(5)The lady walked around the shops, an eye out for bargains.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep【答案与解析】C句意:这位女士在商场转悠着,留意着里面的减价商品。现在分词短语keeping an eye out for“留意;注意”,作伴随状语。用所给词的适当形式填空1.Though(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.2.(tell)
