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1、2022年考博英语-东华大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the _ of his life.问题1选项A.torchB.tormentC.topicD.topper【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项torch“火把、火炬”；B项torment“折磨、痛苦”；C项topic“主题”；D项topper“第一流人物、大礼帽”；句意：虽然他很有钱，但他那些不孝顺的孩子是他生活中的折磨。因此该题B项正确。2. 单选题When prehistoric man arrived
2、in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being ov
3、er fished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biol
4、ogical matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years o
5、f the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 ye
6、ars ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would the
7、refore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because th
8、ere are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed
9、 to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is abo
10、ut 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that _.2. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper that _.3. By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, in paragraph 3
11、), Dr. Worm means that _.4. Dr. Myers and other researcher hold that _.5. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries _.问题1选项A.large animal were vulnerable to the changing environmentB.small species survived as large animals disappearedC.large sea animals may face the same threat tod
12、ayD.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones问题2选项A.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%B.there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years agoC.the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amountD.the number of large predator dropped fa
13、ster in new fisheries than in the old问题3选项A.fishing technology has improved rapidlyB.then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recordedC.the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossD.the date collected so far are out of date问题4选项A.people should look for a baseline that cant work for a longer time
14、B.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC.the ocean biomass should restore its original levelD.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation问题5选项A.management efficiencyB.biomass levelC.catch-size limitsD.technological application【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.
15、【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“大型史前动物的灭绝暗示什么？”。第一段最后一句Now something similar could be happening in the oceans（现在类似的事情可能正在海洋中发生），由此推断，文中提到史前动物的灭绝是暗示海洋生物也会面临同样的问题。A项“大型动物很容易受到环境的影响”，B项“小物种幸存下来而大物种消失了”和D项“生长缓慢的鱼比生长迅速的鱼更长寿”都不是大型动物灭绝暗示的现象，所以该题C项正确。2.【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“我们从Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms的论文中可以推测出什么？”。根据本题关键词“Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper”定位到本文第二段最后一句According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In
