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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows
2、 an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error,
3、and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, t
4、hrough which the individual researchers me, here, now becomes the communitys anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes cont
5、rol of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public（including
6、 other scientists）receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individuals discovery claim into
7、the communitys credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and belie
8、ved. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appeal to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification pf refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provok
9、es disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are req
10、uired for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claima process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together challenge, revise, and complete each others reasoning
11、 and each others conceptions of reason.”1. Paragraph 1 states that the process of discovery has the characteristics of（ ）.2. Paragraph 2 suggests that credibility process requires（ ）.3. Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it（ ）.4. Albert Azent-Gyorgyi would most likely ag
12、ree that（ ）.5. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?问题1选项A.logicality and objectivityB.uncertainty and complexityC.systematicness and regularityD.misconception and deceptiveness问题2选项A.shared effortsB.strict inspectionC.individual wisdomD.persistent innovation问题3选项A.has been
13、 frequently quoted by peer scientistsB.has attracted the attention of the general publicC.has been examined by the scientific communityD.has received recognition from editors and reviewers问题4选项A.Scientific claims will survive challengesB.Discoveries today inspire future researchC.Efforts to make dis
14、coveries are justifiedD.scientific work calls for a critical mind问题5选项A.Novelty as an Engine of Scientific DevelopmentB.Collective Scrutiny in Scientific DiscoveryC.Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to ScienceD.Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键
15、词the first paragraph和the process of discovery可定位至原文第一段第二句。由原文信息可知，在日常的科学实践中发现的过程通常是含糊和复杂的。选项B中的uncertainty和complexity分别为ambiguous和complicated的同义替换，故本题正确答案为B选项。2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词credibility process定位至第二段第三四句。这两句话介绍了可信性的证实过程。由原文信息可知，经过集体的详细审查和认可一项科学发现声明才能变为可靠的科学发现。在这个过程中，单个研究者的“我”、“这里”和“现在”变成了科学界里的“任何人”、
16、“任何地方”和“任何时间”。由此可知，可信性证实过程需要整个科学界的审查和认可，是集体努力的结果，因此本题正确答案为A选项。3.细节事实题。根据题干信息可定位至文章第三段。作者在这一段详细介绍了科学发现可信性的证实过程，指出在科学界复杂的社会结构下，研究者发表发现内容，编辑和审查者审核论文发表过程，其他科学家利用该发现的成果，最后，大众知晓这一发现，这一可信性证实过程是在大家的共同努力下得以完成。后文又讲到，在一项发现声明被业界审查的过程中，相关观点的融合和碰撞把个人的发现声明变成了科学界的可靠发现。由此可知，个人的发现声明需要经过整个科学界的审查才能变成可靠的发现。选项A.、B.、D.都只是可信性证实过程中的一个方面，不足以概括整个过程，均可排除。
