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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The Space Age _in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 initiate“开始，发起”，一般指活动，团体的产生；B选项originate“起源于，来自，产生”；C选项embark“上船，装船，从事”，后面常接介词on/upon；D选项comm
2、ence“开始”，指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据The Space Age（太空时代）和 the first artificial satellite（第一颗人造卫星）可知是一件重大事件，因此选D。句意：太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。2. 单选题After a few months of working with his hands, Dr. Brown returned to his college, _ that his time had been well spent.问题1选项A.persuadedB.convincedC.noticedD.promis
3、ed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“劝说，说服，使信服”，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；B选项convince“使确信，使相信”，指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；C选项notice“注意，察觉”；D选项promise“允诺，许诺”。根据After a few months of working with his hands和his time had been well spent可知B选项符合语义。句意：经过几个月的动手操作后，确信自己的时间花得值得的布朗博士回到了大学。3. 单选题Tourism has also been greatl
4、y_the rapid development of some developing nations.问题1选项A.lain inB.consisted inC.responsible forD.accounted for【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项lay in“储备，储存”；B选项consist in“在于，由组成”；C选项responsible for“为负责，是造成的原因”；D选项account for“说明（原因、理由等）”，一般用于主动语态。句意：旅游业一直也是一些发展中国家的快速发展的主要原因。4. 单选题Teenage lethargy is often due to
5、lack of proper nutrients.问题1选项A.sluggishnessB.enthusiasmC.boredomD.energeticness【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中lethargy表示“无精打采；昏睡；嗜眠症”。A选项为“萧条；惰性；无精打采”；B选项为“热情；热心”；C选项为“无聊；厌倦”；D选项为“积极；精力充沛”。由句意可知，青少年嗜睡常常是因为缺乏适当的营养。因此，A项符合题意。5. 单选题Initially the Lincoln administration refused black volunteers; they feared that
6、the appearance of black Yankees on the battlefield might suggest that the war_other purposes in addition to the restoration of the Union.问题1选项A.haveB.hadC.had hadD.would have【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时。此句中的suggest意为“表明”，不表示“建议”，因此从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。根据feared可知空格为一般过去时，时态保持一致，因此选B。句意：起初，林肯政府拒绝黑人志愿者；
7、他们担心黑人出现在战场上，可能表明这场战争除了恢复联邦之外，还有其他目的。6. 单选题But for his help, I（）.问题1选项A.did not succeedB.had not succeededC.should not have succeededD.have not succeeded【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。But for表示“要不是”，引导含蓄虚拟语气。A选项did not succeed过去时；B选项had not succeeded过去完成时；C选项 should not have succeeded表示“原本不应该成功的，但却成功了”，表示虚拟语气；D选项h
8、ave not succeeded现在完成时，因此C项为正确选项。7. 单选题For many patients, institutional care is the most_and beneficial form of care.问题1选项A.pertinentB.appropriateC.acuteD.persistent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pertinent“（说话，话题等）切题的，（意见，建议等）相关的”；B选项appropriate“恰当的，适当的”；C选项acute“十分严重的，(疾病)急性的，灵敏的”；D选项persistent“持久的，持续的”。句意：对许
9、多病人来说，机构护理是最适当和最有益的护理形式。8. 单选题Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our planet.问题1选项A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrance n.障碍，妨碍；B misfortune n.不幸，灾祸，灾难；C选项 catastrophe n.大灾难，灾祸；D选项threaten.威胁，恐吓。句意：人口的增长是对地球上非人类生物生存的威胁。根据句意可知D项正确。9. 单选题I
10、 understand preparation that staff must put in under pressure oto meet the deadline.问题1选项A.more than the enormous amount ofB.better than most the enormous number ofC.better than most the enormous amount ofD.fewer than the number of【答案】C【解析】考查常用表达。understand better than表示“对非常理解”。A选项more than the enor
11、mous amount of 比大多数多；B选项better than most the enormous number of 比大多数好，后接可数名词；C选项better than most the enormous amount of比大多数好，后接不可数名词；D选项fewer than the number of 比数量少；其中，preparation是不可数名词，故本题正确答案为C项。10. 单选题In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is _.问题1选项A.shrink
12、ingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项shrink“收缩，减少”；B选项obscure“使模糊，使难解”；C选项alter“改变”；D选项constrain“强迫”。根据highly technological society与the number of jobs可知A选项符合语义。句意：在我们高度科技化的社会里，非技术工人的工作岗位正在减少。11. 单选题You will have to change your of life now that you have got a baby.问题1选项A.modeB.mou
13、ndC.moodD.form【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项mode n.模式，方式，风格；B选项mound n. 高地；土堆；土丘；C选项mood n.语气，情绪，心境；D选项form n.形式，形态，模式，表格。根据句意，现在有了孩子就应该改变自己的生活方式。因此正确答案为A 选项。12. 单选题In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed _in Chicago and New York City.问题1选项A.homogeneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.harmoniously
14、【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项homogeneously“同质地，同类地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；D选项harmoniously“和谐地”。根据 Chicago and New York City可推测在过去的十年时间里，高楼大厦应是同时在这两个城市耸立，因此选B。句意：在过去的十年里，芝加哥和纽约的高楼大楼同时耸立起来。13. 单选题When he tried to make a_, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.问题1选项A.complaintB.claimC.reservationD.lodging【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项complaint“抱怨，控诉”；B选项claim“宣称，声称”；C选项reservation“预约，预订”；D选项 lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根据the hotel wa
