《2023年辽宁职称英语考试真题卷（3）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年辽宁职称英语考试真题卷（3）（110页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2023年辽宁职称英语考试真题卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigat
2、ors at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said
3、they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.
4、 He added that it might be a good idea for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance,
5、 one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much
6、 they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept be
7、tween 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help inso
8、mnia is to spend less time in bed. It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they11 spend a higher percentage of time awake, he said.A. Keprikes research toolB. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleepC. Criticism on Kripkes reportD. A way of overcoming insomniaE. Sleep
9、problems of long and short sleepersTo get a good nights rest, people may not need to_. 2.The Function of Adrenocorticotriopin Some people can quite accurately time the end of their nights sleep at will, without using an alarm clock, demonstrating that it is possible to voluntarily control a state of
10、 consciousness that is characterized by a loss of volition and attentional guidance. Here we show that the expectation that sleep will come to an end at a certain time induces a marked increase in the concentration of the hormone adrenocorticotriopin(促肾上腺皮质激素) in the blood one hour before waking. Th
11、e regulation of adrenocorticotropin release during nocturnal sleep is therefore not confined to daily rhythms._(46). _(47). Normally, the release of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol(皮质醇) increases during late stages of sleeping, reaching a daily maximum at the time of spontaneous waking. Adrenocorti
12、cotropin and Cortisol are also released from the pituitary-adrenal system in a major adaptive response to stress, and are secreted in anticipation of stressful events. We investigated whether the increase in the secretion of pituitary-adrenal hormones during the late stages of sleeping in part refle
13、cts anticipation of the stress of the waking phase. _( 48 ). We made recordings of electroencephalogram, electrooculogram and electromyogram throughout the night, and took blood samples every 15 minutes to determine plasma concentrations of adrenocorticortropin and Cortisol. Lights were turned off a
14、t midnight, after subjects had been told they would be woken at eight 6:00 ( short sleep, on one night) or 9:00(long sleep, on the other two nights). On one of the long-sleep nights they were woken at 9:00 as they expected, but on the other night they were instead woken at 6:00 (surprise) under the
15、pretence of a technical problem._(49). We interviewed the volunteers at the end of the experiments, and found that all but one of the subjects had expected to be woken up at the specified time. The order of the three experimental nights was balanced across subjects, with five subjects starting with
16、short sleep, five with long sleep, and five with the surprise condition. The increase in adrenocorticotropin release before the expected time of waking indicates that anticipation, which is generally considered to be unique characteristic of the regulation of conscious action, pervades sleep_(50). The regulation of adrenocorticotropi
