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1、一、非谓语动词备考指要 非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即： doing ,done; to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词 doing 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被动式）不定式 to do 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式） 动名词 doing 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ; 非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都
2、具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。 下面谈谈学习这三种非谓语动词需要注意的事项。 一、动词不定式 掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题： 1.to 是不定式符号还是介词。下列短语中的to 都是介词 agree to, object to, close to, come to, lead to, refer
3、to, equal to, familiar to, point to, thank to, devote to, next to, belong to, be used to， look forward to 2.带to 还是不带to 例 I have no choice but to give in. I cannt do anything but give in . 3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of 例 Its necessary for you to study hard . Its foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有
4、：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful, careless, polite, possible 4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, know, promise, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, continue, ask, mean, choose, expect
5、etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。 例 通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5.不定式的省略 下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略to: want to, wish to, hope to, like to, hate to, plan to, try to, love to , have to, ought to, need to, used to, be able to 6.不定式作定语，应注意两种关系
6、1）动宾关系 例 He has a lot of meeting to attend . 2）主谓关系 例 She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . 7.不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义 1)原因 / 例 He is lucky to get here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有： happy, glad, delighted, pleased, sorry, eager, anxious， lucky, fortunate, proud, angry， surprised, frightened,
7、disappointed, ready , clever, foolish, worthy 2)目的 例 He came to help me with my maths . 3)结果 例 I hurried to get there only to find him out. 8.不定式作补足语 例 I saw him play in the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：see, feel, hear, listen to, look at, watch, let, have， make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式
8、时，不定式要带to 例 He was seen to play in the street just now. 二、动名词 注意以下几种结构 1.Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what will happen .= No one can tell what will happen. 2.Its no use talking with him. Its no good speaking to them like that. 3.Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型
9、中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble, problem, fun, pleasure, a good time, a hard time 注意以下几个问题： 1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别 forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记做了某事 remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记着做了某事 mean to do 有意要做某事 mean doing 意味着做了某事 regret to do 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing 对做过去的事后悔 cant help to do 不能
10、帮助做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁做某事 try to do 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事 learn to do 学着去做某事 learn doing 学会做某事 stop to do 停下来去做（另一件事） stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 接着做（另外一件事） go on doing 继续做某事 used to do 过去做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事 2.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达n+ for doing 的含义,现在分词作定语表达n+which(who) be ding的含义
11、 例 a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词 例 drinking water, walking stick， running water , sleeping boy 3.动名词的逻辑主语 动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。 例 His coming made us very happy. 4.动名词的语态和时态 5.动名词主动形式表被动的情况 need doing, want doing, require doing 例 This
12、room needs painting. 这个房间需要粉刷。 6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词 admit, avoid, advise, consider, delay， deny, enjoy,escape, excuse, fancy, finish, complete, forbid, imagine,mind, miss, permit，practise, require, suggest, risk, keep, take to, look forward to, get down to, feel like, cant help, cant stand, be used to,ins
13、ist on, succeed in, set about, give up, include 三、分词 应注意的几个问题 1.现在分词与过去分词的区别 例 Do you know the woman talking to Tom ？ = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ？ The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor. 2.分词作表语 1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 例 The news is interesting. He is interested in the news. doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系；don
