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1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题For a young man of such scrupulous loyalty and so little ambition this was a discouraging start. Despite all his correctness, he appeared to have blundered and to have started life （ ）.问题1选项A.on wrong feetB.on his wrong feetC.on the wrong footD.on a wrong foot【
2、答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配on the wrong feet “处于不利地位”，可排除A、B和D选项。句意：尽管他很正确，但是他似乎犯了大错，使人生处于不利的处境。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The Niger President had caused unease in the West African country following his failure to organize elections when his （ ）elapsed.问题1选项A.tenancyB.tensionC.territoryD.tenure【答案】D【解析】名词词汇辨析。tenancy “租
3、用，租赁，租赁期”；tension “紧张局势”；territory “领地，领土”；tenure “任期”。句意：尼日尔总统任期结束后未能组织选举，在这个西非国家引起了不安。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The core spirit was that businesses should always be permitted to develop any area （ ） profits could be found, and （ ） this was the most efficient use of resources for an economy.问题1选项A.when . whatB
4、.that. whichC.where . thatD.for which . where【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知第一个空格引导定语从句，修饰前面的名字area，所以应该填入关系副词where，表示“在这个领域”，选项A、B和D可排除。第二个空格引导的表语从句和前面的表语从句形成并列关系，所以也应该由引导词that引导。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题In addition, the search for new economic models that prioritize inclusive and sustainable growth （ ）new, and more a
5、ctive, roles for territories in policy design and implementation.问题1选项A.has called onB.has called toC.is calling upD.is calling for【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。call on “访问，号召”；call to “呼唤，打电话给”；call up打电话;召集”；call for “要求；提倡”。句意：此外，对新经济模式的寻求要求政策设计及执行方面扮演一个新的、积极的觉角色，这种经济模式是优先考虑包容性和可持续增长的。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Comtes philos
6、ophical successor, who carried on both his phenomenalist and presentationalist philosophy into the social arena of politics and ethics, was John Stuart Mill. But first we must turn to an even greater influence on Mills views, one of the leading radical reformers of the nineteenth century, Jeremy Ben
7、tham.Born in London, the son of a leading attorney, Bentham was a child prodigy who began studying history and Latin at the age of three. At twelve he entered Queens College in Oxford and earned his B. A. in three years and his M. A. two years later at the age of seventeen. His father expected him t
8、o become a practicing lawyer, but Bentham was far more interested in the philosophical foundations of ethics, morality, and legal theory. He traveled widely throughout Europe and wrote his first essay on economics in Russia. In 1792 he became a citizen of France.Benthams main philosophical influence
9、s were Locke and Hume. When he read Humes Treatise and Human Nature he said it was as if scales fell from eyes. He went on to publish several books on political and legal theory, but it was his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation that made him a powerful and influential internat
10、ional figure. In his Principles he laid the groundwork for utilitarianism; as developed by Mill (whom we shall consider in the next section), his theory is still today one of the leading moral theories in the world.Bentham defines his principle of utility as that property in any object whereby it te
11、nds to produce pleasure, good or happiness, or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil or unhappiness to the party whose interest is considered. According to Bentham, this principle takes account of the two main motives for all human actionpain and pleasure. Governments, social, political a
12、nd legal institutions, as well as individual citizens, should follow the Greatest Happiness Principle: choose that course of action that leads to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. His utilitarianism, designed to free people from oppressive laws and to make governing bodies mo
13、ral, provided a foundation to many democratic societies. Since leaders as well as individuals are thus morally bound to follow the same universal principle and one that is readily accessible to everyonewe all know what pain and pleasure are there can be no manipulation, through rhetoric, of the weak
14、 by the powerful. In Benthams system we are each our own best judge as to how best to live and attain happiness.He openly called for the rejection of all monarchies and established churches, claiming that all government is in itself one vast evil. The only justification for putting such evil into pl
15、ace would be to prevent some greater evil; governments should therefore never stray from the principle of utilitythe greatest happiness for the greatest number. Among Benthams many disciples, the most famous is John Stuart Mill, who further developed utilitarianism but along rather different lines.1.What does the author probably mean by scales fell from eyes in the third paragraph?2.Which of the following can best explain the quotes in the fourth paragraph of Benthams definition of principle of utility?3.How did Bentham influence the world according to the passage?4.Which of
