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1、2022-2023年考博英语-中国科学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The junior（ ）was impatient for promotion but knew that he would only get it by stepping into a dead mans shoes.问题1选项A.executiveB.explosiveC.captiveD.addictive【答案】A【解析】考察形近词辨析。executive 总经理；执行官；explosive 爆炸物，炸药； captive俘虏；addictive 使人上瘾的。句意：这位初级执行官急不可耐地想要提升，但是他很清
2、楚他只能等待填补死人的空缺。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Our team could receive a lot of support and funding if we could convince a major company like NIKE or Coca Cola to（ ） us.问题1选项A.approveB.endorseC.obligeD.comply【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。approve “批准”；endorse “认可；签署”；oblige “迫使；强制”；comply “遵守；顺从”。句意：如果我们能说服像耐克和可口可乐这样的大公司来_我们的话，我们的团
3、队就能得到大量支持和资金。根据句意可知选项B符合题意。3. 翻译题The first edition of Thomas Kuhns The Structure of Scientific Revolutions appeared in 1962. （1）His vision revolutionized the way we think about science，and it has given us a new way to look at change in “science” itself.（2）Whereas previous visions of science saw scie
4、nce as an accumulation of all that had been learned over history, Kuhn envisioned science as having，at any one time, a worldview, or “paradigm (范式)”，of its environment.Kuhn (库恩) postulated that most scientists engage in “ normal science ” that often results in solid, but relatively incremental gains
5、, which nevertheless accumulate and collectively contribute to research and subsequent scientific knowledge forward. When anomalies arise, some individual(s) step(s) out of the paradigm, and propose( s) a new principle or law. （3）If the scientific community accepts the proposed change, then science
6、experiences a “paradigm shift”，and new science proceeds with that new paradigm.Paradigm shifts are important, and a necessary part of life. Things do change, and we have to adjust and adapt to that change. Perhaps not surprisingly, important paradigm shifts often come from the young. （4）It usually t
7、akes a long time to effect a paradigm shiftoften as much as 20-25 yearswhich，perhaps not so coincidently，is about the life of a generation.（5）A relatively recent white paper emanating from MIT justifiably argues that the intersections of arrays of scientists，engineers, mathematicians，as well as indi
8、viduals with a host of many other professional talents, will be the next Kuhnian scientific revolution and in fact，the “Third” biomedical revolution. This new revolution is broadly known as Convergence.【答案】（1）他的视角彻底改变了我们思考科学的方式，给了我们一个全新的方式来看待“科学”自身的变化。（2）然而过去，人们把科学当作人类在历史长河中所学到的全部知识的积累过程，而库恩则把科学看成在任
9、一时刻对环境的一种世界观，或者“范式”。（3）如果科学界认可了有些人所提出的变化，那么科学就将经历“范式转移”，而新的科学将按照新的范式向前发展。（4）引发范式转移通常需要很长时间往往长达2025年也许并非巧合，这大约相当于一代人。（5）最近一份出自麻省理工学院的详情报告理由充分。它认为各类科学家、工程师、数学家以及个人与其他专业人才的交汇将成为下一场库恩意义上的科学革命，事实上也就是“第三次”生物医学革命。4. 单选题She is a very _ woman to shout like that at the top of her voice.问题1选项A.vagueB.vogueC.ve
10、rsatileD.vulgar【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. vague 模糊的，含糊的 B. vogue 流行，时尚 n.C. versatile 多才多艺的，多功能的 D. vulgar 庸俗的，粗俗的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】空格处作定语修饰下文的“woman（女人）”，表示她是一个什么样的女人。由“shout like that at the top of her voice（高声喊叫）”可知，这是对该女人的描述，大喊大叫的人通常是粗俗、不雅的。vulgar指没有好的品味或不礼貌的，因此D选项vulgar“庸俗的，粗俗的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项vague“模糊的，
11、含糊的”指没有关于某事物足够的信息或细节，一般不用来形容人，不能和“woman（女人）”进行搭配；B选项vogue“流行，时尚”是一个名词，指在特定的时间和地点流行的东西，不能用来作定语修饰“woman（女人）”；C选项versatile“多才多艺的，多功能的”指某人能做很多不同的事情或某物有许多不同的用途，不能和“shout like that at the top of her voice（高声喊叫）”相对应。【句意】她是一个非常粗俗的女人，竟那样高声喊叫。5. 单选题Some part of her tried to convince her to make （ ） the door,
12、but she knew they would expect that.问题1选项A.onB.toC.forD.up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。make on “在上获利；在赚钱”；make to这个搭配不存在；make for “向移动”，促成；make up “组成”。句意：尽管内心有个声音说服她_门口，但是她知道这是他们所期望的。分析四个选项，只有C选项的词组能与门口搭配起来合理，因此符合题意。6. 单选题As quickly as possible，the doctor applies ice packs to your injury. Ice （ ）swelling and
13、inflammation.问题1选项A.fastensB.detersC.encouragesD.fixes【答案】B【解析】考察动词辨析。fasten “使固定”；deter “阻止”；encourage “鼓励”；fix “修理”。句意：冰能够阻止肿胀和发炎。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Although there are plans to （ ）additional pensions, this will not affect anyone retiring before 1998 and will only marginally affect those retiring by 200
14、9.问题1选项A.break downB.scale downC.boil downD.narrow down【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。break down “故障，分解”；scale down “缩减”；boil down “归结”；narrow down “缩小范围”。句意：尽管有计划缩减额外退休金数额。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题The closer one can get to reality, the easier the learning by the student,（ ） that the necessary knowledge has been given prev
15、iously to facilitate comprehension.问题1选项A.soB.despiteC.suchD.provided【答案】D【解析】考察连词辨析。so 因此，despite 尽管，such 如此；provided that “如果，假设”;句意：如果先前已经学习了能够帮助理解的必要知识，那么距离现实越近，学习就会越容易。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题Just like last years smartphone, the Mate 10 models will _ performance over time by learning which apps you use regularly.问题1选项A.optimizeB.substituteC.legitimateD.mobilize【答案
