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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many place
2、s for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didnt they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree an
3、swered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was rea
4、dy for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you dont have unpredictable things, you dont have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals but history is filled with examples of it.In talki
5、ng to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought. Ive attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.
6、The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.” “We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to sp
7、eculate.What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned
8、 and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly wher
9、e they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear
10、 to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”1.The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that （ ）.2.The author asserts that scientists （ ）.3.It seems that som
11、e young scientists （ ）.4.The author implies that the results of scientific research （ ）.问题1选项A.inquiring minds are more important than scientific experimentsB.science advances when fruitful researchers are conductedC.scientists seldom forget the essential nature of researchD.unpredictability weighs
12、less than prediction in scientific research问题2选项A.shouldnt replace “scientific method” with imaginative thoughtB.shouldnt neglect to speculate on unpredictable thingsC.should write more concise reports for technical journalsD.should be confident about their research findings问题3选项A.have a keen intere
13、st inB.often speculate on the future predictionC.think highly of creative thinkingD.stick to “scientific method”问题4选项A.may not be as profitable as they are expectedB.can be measured in dollars and centsC.rely on conformity to a standard patternD.are mostly underestimated by management【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第
14、3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.”，可知在实践中，科学与其说依赖于它所准备的实验，不如说依赖于人对实验的思考。下文就用牛顿发现地心引力的例子证明了这一观点。可判断出作者想用艾萨克牛顿的例子来证明求知的思维比科学实验更重要。选项A符合题意。2.作者态度题。根据文章第二段，“Unpredi
15、ctability is part of the essential nature of research. If you dont have unpredictable things, you dont have research.”，可知不可预测性是研究的本质之一。如果你没有不可预测的东西，你就没有研究。可判断出作者坚信科学家不应忽视对不可预测的事情进行推测。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression th
16、at they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.”，可知在与一些科学家，尤其是年轻的科学家交谈时，你可能会得到这样的印象：他们发现科学方法可以代替富有想象力的思维。可判断出一些年轻的科学家似乎会坚持使用科学方法而不是富有想象力的思维。选项D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for manag
