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1、船舶柴油机柴油机的安装、拆装、故障与维修引言：柴油机是一种压缩发火的往复式内燃机。它使用挥发性较差的柴油或劣质燃料油做燃料。采用内部混合法（燃油与空气的混合发生在气缸内部）形成可燃混合气；缸内燃烧采用压缩式（靠缸内空气压缩形成的高温自行发火）。这种工作特点使柴油机在热机领域内具有最高的热效率（已达到 55左右），而且允许作为船用发动机使用。因而，柴油机在工程界应用十分广泛。尤其在船用发动机中，柴油机已经取得了绝对领先地位。Diesel engine is a compression ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines. It u
2、ses less volatile diesel fuel or poor quality fuel oil for fuel. With internal mixing (fuel and air mixture in the cylinder inside) the formation of flammable mixture; cylinder combustion by compression (compressed air cylinder formed by self-ignition temperature). This work characteristics of the e
3、ngine in the field of heat has the highest thermal efficiency (about 55% has been reached), and allows use as a marine engine. Thus, the diesel engine was widely used in engineering. Especially in marine engines, diesel engines have achieved an absolute leader. 内容摘要：柴油机的质量除取决于设计、材料和制造工艺外，更重要的是取决于装配或
4、安装与校中质量，并直接影响柴油机的可靠性与经济性。本章主要介绍作为船舶主机的大型低速柴油机主要零部件在船上的安装与校中，主要包括：机座的定位与安装；机架、气缸体和贯穿螺栓的安装；固定件相互位置的校中；活塞运动部件的平台检验；运动件与固定件相互位置的校中等；这部分内容对轮机员日常检修、故障分析和驻厂的监修与监造均很重要，是必不可少的安装工艺知识。In addition to the engine depends on the quality of design, materials and manufacturing processes, the more important depends o
5、n the assembly or installation and alignment quality, and directly affects the reliability and economy of diesel engines. This chapter describes the host as a large low-speed ship diesel engine spare parts on board the installation and alignment, including: base of the positioning and installation;
6、rack, cylinder block and through bolt installation; fixed pieces of the school in each location; piston moving parts of the platform test; moving parts and fittings between the middle school location; this part of the routine maintenance of the engineer, failure analysis and the Supervisor Mill and
7、supervision are very important, is essential knowledge of the installation process . 柴油机就是将气体压缩，喷油燃烧（给工质加热），气体膨胀对外作功；为使连续不断的作功，就得对工质进行更换的机体，每个工作循环分五个过程：进气、压缩、喷油、燃烧、膨胀、排气。柴油机的安全性比汽油机要高;热效率好，经济性高；功率、转速范围广；结构紧凑，重量轻；操作方便，可逆转，加速快等优点。然而柴油机也具有结构复杂；机件热应力大；工作时噪音较大；振动剧烈；工作较粗暴等缺点。Diesel is the gas compression,
8、 fuel injection combustion (to the refrigerant heating), gas expansion overseas for power; order to make continuous power, you have to be replaced on the working fluid of the body, each work cycle is divided into five processes: progress gas, compression, fuel injection, combustion, expansion, exhau
9、st. Diesel fuel confidential secure than high; thermal efficiency is good, the economy high;-power, wide speed range; compact, light weight; easy to operate and can be reversed, and quick acceleration. Diesel also has a complex structure, however; mechanical thermal stress and high; work noisy; viol
10、ent vibration; is more violent and other shortcomings.柴油机是热能动力机械中油耗最低、热效率最高、功率范围宽广、适应各种转速的内燃机,具备起动迅速方便、运行安全可靠、维修方便、使用寿命长的优点,在各行各业中得到了广泛的应用.特别是船舶行业,柴油机作为拖动水泵的动力机械,不受电源限制,基本建设投资少.小型柴油机在分散的小面积和移动性排灌情况下,具有很明显的实用性和机动灵活性.但它们的使用成本高,操作技术要求较严,运转不够稳定,维护保养比较复杂,一般需间接连接水泵.Diesel fuel consumption is the lowest th
11、ermal power machines, the maximum thermal efficiency, power, wide-ranging and adapt speed internal combustion engine, with quick and easy start, safe and reliable operation, easy maintenance, the advantages of long life, in all walks of life have been widely应用. in particular the ship industry, diese
12、l powered mechanical pump as a drag, not power limits, less capital investment. small diesel engine in the decentralized and mobile nature of the small area under irrigation conditions, with obvious practical and mobile Ling Huoxing . but their use is costly and operationally more stringent technica
13、l requirements, operation is not stable enough, maintenance complex, usually takes an indirect connection pumps. 目录第一章 船舶柴油机现在船上的安装 5（一）机座（Bedplate）的安装 5（二）机架、气缸体和贯穿螺栓的安装9（三）固定件相互位置的校中10（四）活塞运动部件的平台检验12（五）活塞运动部件在船上的校中13第二章 柴油机的拆装 15（一）气缸盖的拆卸15（二）气缸盖的清洁与检查16（三）进、排气阀的拆装与检查修理16第三章 船机故障与维修 19（一） 船机故障191
14、 故障的分类 192 故障征兆 203 故障模式 204 故障规律 205 故障的人为因素 20（二）船舶维修 211 维修科学的建立与发展 212 维修科学的内容 213 现代船舶维修的特点 224 维修方式与维修体制 225 可靠性与可维修性的概念 22一、 船舶柴油机现在船上的安装（一）机座（Bedplate）的安装机座是整台柴油机的安装基础，机座的定位与安装十分重要，其质量不仅直接影响整台柴油机的质量和可靠运转，而且直接影响船舶推进系统的质量和可靠性。所以，机座的定位与安装是柴油机在船上安装的关键。机座的作用：柴油机的基础（承重；受力；集油）。1 机座定位的技术要求1.1 机座在机舱中位置的确定机座在机舱中的位置是根据轴系校中方法和轴系两端轴的安装顺序来确定的。轴系按合理校中安装
