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1、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（subject:)句子说明的人或事物。the sun rises in the east. （名词）he likes dancing. （代词）twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. （动名词）to see is to believe. （不定式）what he needs is a book. （主语从句）it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it形式主语，主语从句
2、是真正语）2. 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。3. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。seventy-four! you dont look（代词） （数词） （副词） 介词短语)to wear a flower is to say “im poor, i cant buy a ring. （不定式）常见的系动词有: （1）be（am，is，are）（2）感官动词：sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, touch(摸起来)，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, feel（感觉）.（3）保持：rema
3、in，stay，keepit sounds a good idea.the sound sounds strange.her voice sounds sweet.tom looks thin.the food smells delicious.the food tastes good.the door remains open.now i feel tired.4. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾 （代词） （数词）（不定式）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）he gave me
4、 a book yesterday.give the poor man some money.5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。副词)6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 （名词） （代词） （数词） （形容词） 副词) 介词) （现在分词） （过去分词）7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） the meeting will be held in the meeting room.the meat went bad because of the hot wea
5、ther.he studies hard to learn english well.he didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. i like some of you very much. if you study hard, you will pass the exam.he goes to school by bike.though he is young, he can do it well.8. 同位语. 与句中的某一成分,常常是名词或代词,是同一意思, 可互相替换. we students should devote to t
6、he people of china.英语句子成分基础练习(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词.the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom._the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year._to do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. _(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词.i dont like the picture on the wall.a. dont b. l
7、ikec. pictured. walla. getb. longerc. days d. summerdo you usually go to school by bus?a. do b. usually c. go d. busthere will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.a. will be b. meeting c. the library d. afternoondid the twins have porridge for their breakfast?a. did b. twins c. have d. breakf
8、asttom didnt do his homework yesterday.a. tom b. didnt c. do d. his homeworkwhat i want to tell you is this.a. want b. to tell c. you d. iswe had better send for a doctor.a. we b. had c. send d. doctorhe is interested in music.a. is b. interested c. in d. musicwhom did you give my book to?a. give b.
9、 did c. whom d. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语my brother hasnt done his homework.people all over the world speak english.you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.they made him monitor o
10、f the class.go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. you will find it useful after you leave school.they didnt know who father christmas really is.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语the old man was feeling very tired.why is he worried about jim?the leaves have turned yellow.soon they all became inte
11、rested in the subject.she was the first to learn about it.the fish she cooked yesterday smells very nice.(五) 挑出下列句中的定语they use mr. mrs. with the family name.what is your given name?on the third lap are class 1 and class 3.i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.the man downstairs was tryin
12、g to sleep.i am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语she likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. he asked her to take the boy out of school.she found it difficult to do the work.they call me lily sometimes.i saw mr. wang get on the bus.did you see li m
13、ing playing football on the playground just now?(七) 挑出下列句中的状语.there was a big smile on her face.every night he heard the noise upstairs.he began to learn english when he was eleven.the man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.with the medicine box under her arm, miss li hurried off.she loves the
14、library because she loves books.i am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.the students followed uncle wang to see the other machine.(八) 写出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语.please tell us a story.直接宾语：_，间接宾语：_my father bought a new bike for me last week.直接宾语：_，间接宾语：_mr. li is going to teach us history next term.直接宾语：_，间接宾语：_here is a pen. give it to tom.直接宾语：_，间接宾语：_ did he leave any message for me?直接宾语：_，间接宾语：_篇二：如何分析句子成分如何分析句子成分？第一步 找出谓语动词谓语动词的特征：有时态、人称和数的变化，或有情态动词 动词的时态变化，以第三人称单数的take为例第二步 找出相应的主语除非出现倒装的现象，主语一般是谓语动词前独立的名词词组，或相当于名词词组作用的代词、不定式、-ing分词或从句。 第三步
