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1、2022-2023年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and _ to everyone.问题1选项A.speculationB.attributionC.utilizationD.proposition【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. speculation推测，猜测 B. attribution归因，属性C. utilization利用，使用 D. proposition提议，建议（尤指业务上的）【考查点】名词
2、辨析。【解题思路】根据句意“英国的天气出乎预料，因此引起了大家的兴趣和_”可知，因为天气是难以预料的，所以这引起英国人的对天气的猜测，该题选择A项恰当。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】英国的天气出乎预料，因此引起了大家的兴趣和猜测。2. 单选题I marvel that he _, it having been said he had taken his final departure for Portugal.问题1选项A.was not here nowB.should now be hereC.had been awayD.hasnt left【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】
3、A. was not here now不在这里 B. should now be here在这里C. had been away离开了 D. hasnt left离开了【考查点】虚拟语气。【解题思路】根据marvel可知，该句表示惊讶，而在表示惊讶的句子中，要用should do虚拟语气，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项都不是虚拟语气。【句意】我很惊讶他现在会在这里，据说他最后一次去了葡萄牙。3. 不定项选择题The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds
4、 great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for someth
5、ing which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus
6、contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict,
7、nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in
8、 nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Tho
9、se who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades,
10、 skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is ine
11、vitable, although competition is.1. In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _.2. According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that _.3. The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” (Para 1) most probably means “_”.4. The author in
12、dicates in the passage that conflict _.5. The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_”.问题1选项A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the characteristic
13、 features of opposition and cooperation问题2选项A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence问题3选项A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit
14、one another问题4选项A.is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB.reflects the struggle among social animalsC.is an opposition among individual social entitiesD.can be avoided问题5选项A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.Is conflict desirable?D.Can competition lead to conf
15、lict?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _. 1. 在第一段，作者给出了一些术语的定义，以便_。A. argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies A. 论证动物社会和人类社会之间的相似性B. smooth out the conflicts in human societies B. 消除人类社会中的冲突C. distinguish between two kinds of opposition C. 区分两种对立D. summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation D. 总结对立与合作的特点【考查点】推理判
