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1、8A英语语法（二）动词不定式.动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形。这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not+ to +动词原形。不定式具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称和数的变化。 二.动词不定式的句法功能成分例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.= It not easy for us to speak En glish.不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在后 面。宾语He likes to play basketball.只能作某些动词的宾语，一般 不作介词的宾语。表语My
2、 work is to clea n the room every day.放在be动词和系动词之后定语Do you have anything to eat?不定式作定语，要放在修饰词 的后面。状语I go to the library to study En glish.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要 和主语一致。补语She asked me to help my mother.在 make, let, see, hear, watch 等使役，感官动词后，不定式 省略to.1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时， 常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其机构为：lt+ be+ adj +
3、 (for/of sb)+to do.e.g. It is useful to lear n En glish well.It is importa nt for us to protect the environment.It very kind of you to help me.2. 不定式作宾语(1) 一些谓语动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令，打算或希望的，如： would like, want, wish, hope, decide, pla n, expect, agree, prepare.e.g She agrees to go with them.They
4、 pla n to go shopp ing.(2) 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而讲真正的宾语放在句末。e.g. I find it easy to speak En glish every day.He thinks it importa nt to help his friend.(3) 常见的一些不带 to 的不定式:why not do, had better (not) do, would rather (not) do. e.g. I would rather stay at home.(4) 不定式常和 what, which, when,
5、where, how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。e.g I don know what to do.=I don tknow what I should do.He didntknow where to go.= He didn tknow where he should go.3. 不定式作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, wllow, get, would like, en courage.感官动词和使役动词常用不定式作宾补，这时要省略to但这些动词变为被动语态时,必须保留to.感官动词： feel, hear, listen to, look a
6、t, see, watch, notice;使役动词：let, make, have.e.g The boss made them work the whole day.练习1. Xiao Li said she would ratherjoin us.A. did notB. to notC. notD. notto2. Zhong Nanshan, the famous medical scientist, has devoted most of his life useful ways in treat ing cough diseases.A. to findingB. findC.
7、to findD. finding3. -Do you know Neil Armstro ng?-Yes. He is the first manon the moon.A. walkB. walksC. to walkD. walked4. The boy promisedlate for school aga in.A. to not beB. not to beC. not beingD. being not5. Last week our geography teacher told usmore in formati on about how to protectthe envir
8、onment.A. eno ugh funny; laughC. eno ugh funny; to laughB. funny eno ugh; laughD. funny eno uth; to laughA. getB. gotC. to getD. gett ing6.gen erousthe little girl to share her toys with the other kids.A. It ; ofB. That; ofC. Its; forD. That s;for7. Sim on isto make us all8. Have you decidedto do n
9、ext?-Not yet.A. what B. how C. where D. whe n9. Please be quiet. We are n ot allowedmuch no ise in the readi ng room.A. to make B. make C. mak ing D. to mak ing10. Many boys and girls are madewhat they re not.A. to do; in terestedB. to do; in terested inC. do; in terested inD. doing; in terested11.
10、How do you know that she likes singing?-I ofte n hear herafter class.A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. sings12. On her way home, Lucy saw a thiefin a shop. She stopped110 at once.A. steal; callB. to steal; callC. steali ng; to callD. steali ng; calli ng13. To keep healthy, youd betterexercise right afte
11、r you have a meal.A. don takeB. not takeC. not to takeD. not taking14. Which does your father enjoyhis weeke nd, fish ing or climb ing hills?A. spe ndingB. spe ndC. to spe ndD. being spe nt15. I hope(find) a good job in a foreig n compa ny after I graduate from school.16. He found it hard(catch up w
12、ith) his class.17. Mother asks me(not play) computer games before finishing my homework.18. All the childre n like Mr White very much because he ofte n makes them(laugh).19. Let him(have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.20. We have two rooms(live) in, but I can decide which one(choose).答案：1-14 CACBC ABAAB BCBC15. to find16. to catch up with17. not to play18. laugh19. have20. to live; to choose.
