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1、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Nou n Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾 语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分定语从句形容词性从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句状语从句副词性从句第一节知识点讲解一【主语从 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如：What I saw
2、 was bey ond any verbal descriptio n.That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.Why the compa ny denied the con tract is still unknown.When and where the gover nment will build a city square is un der discussio n.It is pretty annoying that a small part of the mach ine is miss ing.It remai ns t
3、o be see n whether the new no vel will be well received.Tips:主语从句的that绝对不能省去。因为句子是不能做主语的，故用that引导。若去掉则没有了主语，而宾语从句的that可省。主语从句： That he is right is known to all of us.宾语从句： We all kn ow (that) he is right.1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
4、而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：a) It is a pity that you didn t go to 你不he看那场电影真可惜。b) It doesn t interest me whythes ucceed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c) It is in the morni ng that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)d) It is John that broke the window.是 John 打碎的窗户。(强调句
5、型)2. 用it作形式主语的结构(1) It is +名词+从句It is an honor thatIt is com mon kno wledge thatIt is a fact that事实是 非常荣幸是常识It is +形容词+从句很自然奇怪的是It is natural thatIt is stra nge thatIt is +不及物动词+从句It seems that 似乎It happe ned that 碰巧It appears that 似乎It +过去分词 +从句It is reported that据报道 It has been proved that已证实 It i
6、s said that据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：(1) if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It is said that Preside nt Jia ng will visit our school n ext week.错误表达： That Preside nt Jia ng will visit our school n ext week is said.(3) It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It occurred to him t
7、hat he failed in the exam in ati on.错误表达： That he failed in the exam in ati on occurred to him.(4) It doesn t matter how/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter.(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Is it likely that it w
8、ill rain in the evening?错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that贝怀然。例如:a) What you said yesterday is right.b) That she is still alive is a con solati on二.【宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。We assumed that there would be
9、 more tha n 100 guests.He told the police in detail what he saw and heard.Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years.That will depe nd on whether they can get the chance.Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment.The con ductor complai ned that we were not gifted in s
10、inging a nd that he would never come again.1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。(2) 由what, whether (if)引导的宾语从句，例如：a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：She
11、told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2. 作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depe ndsup on how well we can cooperate with one ano ther. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：I am afraid (that) I ve made a mis我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that 弓丨导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：an xious, aware, certain, con fide nt, convin ced, dete
12、rm in ed, glad, proud,surprised, worried, sorry, tha nkful, ashamed, disappo in ted, anno yed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的 that从句的看作原因状语从句。4. it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next mon th.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接
13、跟that从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。这类 词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达：I admire their wi nning the match.错误表达：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于动词+间接宾语+ that从句 结构中，常见的有 envy, order
14、(命令),accuse, refuse, impress, forgive,blame, denounce (公开指责)，advise, congratulate 等。例如：正确表达： He impressed the man ager as an hon est man.错误表达： He impressed the man ager that he was an hon est man.7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy (想象)，guess, imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含 有否定意义，
15、一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I don t think shdress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三【表语从句】表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain (留下、保持、依然)，seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还 有 the reason is that和-I t is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can t get the support of the people.3) But the fact rema ins that we are beh ind the other classes.4) The reas on he is late for school is
