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1、第三节 船长阅读练习1. Failing to identify pre-shipment damage and neglecting to make appropriate notations on bills of lading will deprive the carrier of his rights，limitations and immunities under the contract of carriage and may prejudice Club coverAssertions are sometimes made by cargo interests that rust
2、 on a particular shipment is normal and will not affect its market valueSuch comments should be disregardedIn all cases where a steel cargo is found to be rusty，it is imperative that remarks are made on the bills of lading，irrespective of the apparent severity of the rustThe bills of lading should a
3、lso be claused to reflect any physical pre-shipment damage to the steel and/or wrappers（bends，tears，crimps，dents，deformation，crushing）Selecting the most appropriate clauses to describe pre-shipment damage is not always easy，and the attending surveyor should be consulted for adviceWhere possible，the
4、clausing should list the identification marks of the damaged GOODs，failing which the number of coils or packages should be quantifiedPercentage estimates regarding the number of damaged pieces should not be givenIf it is not possible to identify the damaged GOODs specifically，the words“some”or“sever
5、al”may be acceptableAny differences found between the ship and shore tally or ship and bill of lading figures must be noted on the bill of lading in the usual manner1.The clausing on B/L is to reflect and make notation of _ the cargoes and/or their wrappersAall damages incurred during the carriage b
6、y sea toBall possible damages to and/or losses ofCphysical pre-shipment damages toDpre-shipment damages toD2.The pre-shipment rusts for which there are assertions made by cargo interests that they are normal and would not affect the cargos market value shall _Abe claused on the Bill of LadingBnot be
7、 claused on the Bill of LadingCbe disregardedDnot be disregardedA3.The proper topic of this paragraph is _AThe Principles for Clausing on Bills of LadingBLosses of and Damages to Steel CargoesCLegal Actions to Be Taken When Losses of and Damages to Cargoes IncurredDThe Functions of Clauses Made on B
8、ills of LadingA4.This paragraph is most likely compiled to protect the interests of _Athe carriersBthe shippersCthe merchantsDthe cargo ownersA2. MV Magellan was inbound from Rotterdam to berth 207 at Southampton Container TerminalAt 0530 the pilot boarded the ship at the Nab Tower pilot stationThe
9、pilots and the masters passage plans were exchanged and the ships pilot card was given to the pilotThe passage continued along the East Solent，during which time there were various VHF radio conversations between vessels and Southampton VTS，about restricted visibilityThe VTS officer gave the pilot a
10、countdown from 5 to 2 cables to the Gurnard buoyThis was given so that the pilot could judge the timing of the wheel-over manoeuvre for the 141 turn into the narrow Thorn ChannelThe wheel-over occurred at about 0652 and the ship began to turnAt this time，the W Bramble and NE Gurnard buoys，which are
11、at the entrance to Thorn Channel，could not be seen because of restricted visibilityVarious helm and engine movements were made during the turnHowever，when W Bramble and NE Gurnard buoys appeared，the pilot realized that the ship was in the wrong position for the heading she was onDespite further helm
12、 and engine orders，the vessel grounded soon after，at 0700It was not until about 0710 that the escort harbor launch informed VTS of the groundingWith the assistance of two tugs，the ship was refloated near the time of high water，and she safely berthed at 12321.MV Magellan applied wheel at _ to turn in
13、to the narrow Thorn ChannelA0530B0652C0700D0710B2.The important navigational mark or marks at the entrance to the Thorn Channel is（are）_ASouthampton Container TerminalBthe East SolentCthe Nab TowerDthe W Bramble and NE Gurnard buoysD3.The suggestion of a countdown from 5 to 2 cables to the Gurnard b
14、uoy is _Afor the pilot to judge easily when the wheel should be used to make the turn into the narrow Thorn ChannelBto remind the pilot that the depth around there is not sufficient for MV MagellanCto inform the pilot that the visibility around the buoy is reduced furtherDto request the pilot that f
15、urther consideration should be given to the wheel-over manoeuvre for the 141 turnA4.It can be concluded that the cause of the grounding was that _Athe Bramble and NE Gurnard buoys were disappearedBthe VHF radio conversations between vessels and Southampton VTS，about restricted visibility，were insufficient and improperCThorn Channel was too narrowDthere was an error of judgment by the pilot during the execution of the turn into Thorn ChannelD3. The endorsement of a nonnegotiable bill does not make the bill negotiable or give the transferee any ad
