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1、2022-2023年考博英语-中国矿业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes, and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of tool use by other mammals, as wel
2、l as by birds and other types of animals.Tools are used by many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observed in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpanzee
3、s to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer, sometimes carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting because these animals so
4、metimes modify tools to make them better suited for their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves.Surprisingly, there is also a species of bird that uses sticks to probe holes in the search for insects. One of th
5、e species of Galapagos finch, the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stein. This primitive tool is then held in the beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that the bird cannot probe directly with its beak. Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tre
6、e to tree searching for prey.Tools may also be used for defense. Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies. Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve their chances against predators such as octopus by means of this tactic. A
7、lso, many species of forest-dwelling primates defend themselves by throwing objects, including stones, at intruders.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.According to the passage, Ivory Coast chimpanzees are among the most remarkable of animal tool users because they（ ）.3.Which of the following c
8、an be inferred from the passage about the behavior of the woodpecker finch?4.According to the passage, studies have shown that hermit crabs manage to turn octopus away by（ ）.5.Forest primates and certain sea animals are mentioned in the passage as examples of animals that use tools EXCEPT for（ ）.问题1
9、选项A.Primates are superior to other animals in using tools.B.The use of stones as tools is similar across different animal species.C.Birds and primates use tools that are different from those of sea animals.D.Many animals have developed effective ways of using tools.问题2选项A.use tools to gather foodB.u
10、se more than one tool to accomplish a taskC.transport tools from one place to anotherD.hide their tools from other animals问题3选项A.It uses its beak as a weapon against its enemies.B.It uses the same twig to look for food in different trees.C.It uses twigs and leaves to build its nest.D.It avoids areas
11、 where cactus grows.问题4选项A.attacking the octopus with their clawsB.using stones as weaponsC.defending themselves with sea anemonesD.hiding under sea plants问题5选项A.self-protectionB.food preparationC.hunting preyD.building nests or home【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章讨论的主要问题是”。文章第一段提到动
12、物使用工具，主要是灵长类，但也有其他一些哺乳动物、鸟类等；第二段提到很多种类的动物使用工具来捕捉食物；第三段提到有些动物使用工具来挖洞或者找昆虫；最后一段提到动物使用工具来攻击。由此可知选项D“许多动物开发了工具的有效使用方式”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的动物工具使用者，因为”。文章第二段提到“它们选择一块大而平的石头做砧板，另一块小一点的石头当锤子，有时候会推着坚果走到超过40米外的地方找合适的砧板”（They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to p
13、lace the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer, sometimes carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil），由此可知选项B“使用不止一种工具来完成任务”符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“下面哪个选项可以从文章中推断出啄木鸟的行为”。文章第三段最后一句话提到“啄木鸟会带着它的细枝在树木之间飞来飞去”（Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey），可以推
14、断出啄木鸟这么做是为了找虫子，选项B符合题意。4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，研究发现寄居蟹能够把章鱼赶走是通过”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用钳子抓住海葵作武器赶跑敌人”（Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies），选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“森林灵长类动物和海洋中的某些动物被用来作为动物使用工具的例子，下列哪项不包含在内”。文章第二段提到动物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，还有动物用工具来准备食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石头
15、来砸坚果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具来赶跑敌人。由此可知只有选项D没有提及，符合题意。2. 单选题The general public didnt care about the trial and so was（ ）about the verdict.问题1选项A.enragedB.apatheticC.suspiciousD.saddened【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。enraged “激怒，暴怒”；apathetic “冷淡的，无兴趣的”； suspicious “可疑的，猜疑的”；sadden “悲哀的，可悲的”；根据句意公众不关心审判，也对判决结果（ ）。确定B选项正确。3. 单选题Absolutely one of the finest buys on the market. Spacious home with large living room, separate 15-foot dining room with crystal chandelier and built-in buffet, paneled family room with fireplace, huge kitchen with lots of cabinets, big cheery breakfast room,
