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1、英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫 :the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of
2、alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonantsou nd 头韵Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their idea
3、sGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 乔叟 13401400首创双韵体,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作.约翰德莱顿John Dryden 称其为英国诗歌之父.代表作?坎特伯雷故事集?. The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet 双韵体by middle English 特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance 传奇故事 Famous t
4、hree： King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning
5、in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissanee - rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancien
6、t Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙斯宾塞 15521599后人称之为“诗人的诗人. The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poet s corner of Westerminster Abbey 仙后 for Queen ElizabethThe theme is not “ Arms and the man , but somet
7、hing more romantic “ Fierce wars and faithfull lov Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last linein iambic hexameter. 牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. 爱情小唱2. Thomas Mor
8、e 托马斯莫尔 14781535One of the greatest English humanists 乌托邦3. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯培根 15611626 哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的着作中提出了知识就是力量这一着名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基 人和近代实验科学的先驱.Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arrangi
9、ng and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphorsand philosophy to man s reason. 学术的推进 随笔famous quotas: The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson 狐狸5. Christopher Marlowe 柯里斯托弗马洛 15641595“University Wits , the p
10、ioneer of English drama完善了无韵体诗.Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧根据德国民间故事书写成 帖木耳大帝 马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 15641616 Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII Four Comedies四大喜剧： 皆大欢
11、喜 ; 第十二夜 ; 仲夏夜之梦 ; 威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies四大悲剧： 哈姆莱特 ; 奥赛罗 ; 李尔王 ; 麦克白 Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. Joh n Milt on 约翰弥尔顿 16081
12、674 诗人、政论家 ;失明后写 ?失乐园?、?复乐园?、?力士参孙?. Epics: 失乐园vParadise Rega in ed 复乐园 Dramatic poem: 力士参孙 vAreopagitica 论出版自由vThe Defence of the English People 为英国人民声辩 vOn His Blindness 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people
13、use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan 约翰班扬 16281688 代表作?天路历程?,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书,是英国文学史上里程碑式着作. 与但丁的?神曲?、奥古斯丁的?忏悔录?并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作.Puritan poet 清教徒派诗人 Religionary Allegory:天路历程3. John Donne the Metaphysical poet 玄学派诗人 .Metaphysical Poetr
14、y 玄学诗:用语 the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, 形式the form is frequently an argument with the poet s beloved, with god, or with himself. 主题： love, religious, thought Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论 Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly Sonnets Valediction:vForbidding Mournin
