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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Most of the trees in the temperate zone become（ ）in winter.问题1选项A.barrenB.luxuriantC.rottenD.bald【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。barren“贫瘠的，不生育的”；luxuriant“繁茂的，浓密的”；rotten“腐烂的，堕落的，虚弱的”；bald“光秃的，秃顶的”。句意：热带地区的大多数树在冬天会变得光秃。D项正确。2. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into
2、 Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)At its most fundamental level, a theory is a set of statements about natural phenomena that explains why these phenomena occur the way they do. In the sciences, theories are used in what Kuhn calls the job of “puzzle solving”. By this Kuhn
3、 means that scientists look at observable phenomena as puzzles or questions to be solved. Why does the earth revolve around the sun and not fly off into space? Why are humans bipedal but the other primates are knuckle-walkers? These are all questions about things that confront us everyday, and it is
4、 the job of scientists to account for them.In short, then, the first duty of a theory is to account for or explain observed phenomena. But a theory ought to do more than that. A theory also ought to make predictions about what would occur under specific conditions. Lets look at one familiar example.
5、In the early part of the 19th century, scientists were already aware of the presence of microorganisms in the air and water, and they had an idea about the connection between the organisms and disease. However, they had no idea of how they came into existence; indeed, belief in the spontaneous gener
6、ation of these organisms was widespread. “Bad air” was thought to cause disease. Careful experimentation by Louis Pasteur and other scientists demonstrated that microbes, though carried by air, are not created by air. Living organisms come from other living organisms. These discoveries led to the de
7、velopment of the germ theory of disease, which proposed that disease was caused by microorganisms. The acceptance of this theory had obvious important applications in public health, such as the development of vaccines, hygienic practices in surgery, and the pasteurization of milk. It not only could
8、explain the presence and spread of disease, it could also predict, for example, that doctors who delivered babies without washing their hands after performing autopsies (尸体解剖) on patients who had died from childbirth fever would transmit the disease to new patients. Even more important, the same the
9、ory could be used to connect phenomena that on the surface appeared unrelated, such as the transmittal of disease, fermentation processes in wine and beer production.【答案】从最基本的层面来说，理论是一套关于自然现象的陈述，用来解释为什么这些现象会以这种方式发生。在科学领域，理论被用于库恩所谓的“解谜”工作。库恩的意思是，科学家把可观察到的现象看作是谜题或待解决的问题。为什么地球绕着太阳转而不飞向太空？为什么人类是两足行走，而其他
10、灵长类动物是用关节行走?这些是我们每天都要面对的问题，而解释这些问题是科学家的工作。那么，简而言之，理论的首要职责就是说明或解释所观察到的现象。但理论所做的应该不止这些。理论还应该预测在特定条件下会发生什么。让我们看一个熟悉的例子。早在19世纪初，科学家们就已经意识到空气和水中存在微生物，他们对微生物和疾病之间的联系有了一个想法。然而，他们不知道它们是如何形成的；事实上，人们普遍相信这些生物是自发产生的。“糟糕的空气”被认为会导致疾病。路易斯巴斯德和其他科学家经过仔细的实验得出证明，微生物虽然通过空气传播，但不是由空气产生的。生物体来自于其他生物。这些发现导致了疾病的微生物理论的发展，该理论提
11、出疾病是由微生物引起的。接受这一理论在公共卫生方面有明显的重要应用，如疫苗的研制、外科手术的卫生规范以及牛奶的巴氏杀菌。它不仅可以解释疾病的存在和传播，它还可以预测，例如，接生完之后未洗手的医生在对死于分娩发烧的病人进行尸检之后，会将疾病传染给新病人。更重要的是，同样的理论可以用来联系表面上不相关的现象，如疾病的传播，葡萄酒和啤酒生产中的发酵过程。3. 单选题Love is the most melodious of all harmonies and the sentiment of love is innate. Woman is a delightful instrument of pl
12、easure, but it is necessary to know its trembling strings, to study the position of them, the timid keyboard, the fingering so changeful and（ ）which befits it.问题1选项A.viciousB.unrulyC.maliciousD.capricious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vicious“恶毒的”；B选项unruly“任性的”；C选项malicious“蓄意的”；D选项capricious“反复无常的”。句意：爱是所有和声
13、中最悦耳的，爱的情感是与生俱来的。女人是令人愉悦的乐器，但你必须知道它颤动的琴弦，研究它们的位置，了解羞怯的键盘，以及适合它的喜怒无常的指法。填空处所填的词应该和changeful意思相近，所以选项D正确。4. 单选题Microsoft reigned for years as the wealthiest technology company primarily（ ） its ownership and cultivation of Windows the universal platform for applications on the PC.问题1选项A.by force ofB.by
14、 right ofC.by dint ofD.with the assistance of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项by force of“用的手段”；B选项by right of“凭借，由于”，多指凭借权利；C选项by dint of“用，凭借”，多指凭借某一事物；D选项with the assistance of“在的援助下”。句意：微软多年来一直是世界上最富有的科技公司，这主要是凭借其对Windows的所有权和发展。Windows是个人电脑应用程序的通用平台。这里凭借的是Windows这一事物而不是权利，所以选项C正确。5. 单选题Practicing mindfulness
15、 and meditation is becoming increasingly popular among lawyers in order to（ ） so much of the stress that goes along with a career as an attorney.问题1选项A.aggravateB.alleviateC.deteriorateD.diminish【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项aggravate“加重，激怒”；B选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；C选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；D选项diminish“减少，缩小”。句意：练习专注和冥想受到了越来越多的律师欢迎，他们以此来减轻伴随律师这个职业的诸多压力。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题He is totally（ ）to other peoples attitudes.问题1选项A.concernedB.carelessC.indifferentD.cold【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concerned“有关的；关心的”；B选项careless“粗心的；无忧无虑的”；C选项indifferent“冷淡的；不关心的” D选项cold“冷淡的，不热情的”。句意：他对别人的态度漠不关心。be ind
