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1、高考阅读方法指导-李志媛 阅读能力的培养既使教学大纲的要求，也是获得英语信息必不可少的条件之一，更是高考考题中的重中之重。然而，有很多学生考试中阅读理解失分率高，甚至做不完题。面对高中学生课业负担重这一现实情况，英语教师一定要有意识地培养学生的阅读理解能力。下面我就如何引导高中学生逐渐提高阅读水平提一些建议，尤其是对高三学生的阅读理解训练谈谈自己的看法。一、阅读理解的基本能力1 词汇量 有限的词汇量是影响阅读效率的一大障碍。词汇量小不仅影响阅读的速度和质量，而且还影响阅读的兴趣和信心。词汇学习不仅有数量问题，而且还有质量问题。学生不能仅仅局限于掌握词的字面意思，还要善于领会词的内涵意义；不仅应
2、熟读教科书上的精度可闻，而且应广泛猎取不同体裁和题材的泛读文章；不仅应掌握词的基本意义，而且应培养在不同语境中迁移词义的能力和合理的猜测生词的能力。无论前面所说的方法多么好如果没有一定的词汇积累，那也是无济于事的，就等于纸上谈兵。因此，必须抓好高考必备的词汇.2 句法知识 英语文章有一个特点就是长句多、复合句多， 学生对结构复杂的句子常常感到理解困难。如果语法基础不牢，在遇到结构复杂的句子是，往往回不知所措。近几年高考英语阅读理解文章中的句子结构较为复杂，长难句子较多。对此，句法知识掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪，因而无法理解文章。长句、难句就是指含有各种从句的复合句、并列连词连接的并列句或是多种
3、形式的定语、状语、插入语，还伴有分割、倒装、省略，对此，学生要特别注意。尽管如此，实际上也只有五种基本句型，学习者要学会利用已掌握的语法知识来分析复杂的长句、难句，可以先确定主干，在离出分支，然后顺藤摸瓜，确定其含义.3 做题技巧二、阅读理解的题目类型1 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意（主旨大意题）命题方式：1) The main idea of this passage is _ 2) The passage is mainly about _ 3) The passage proves that _ 4) Choose the best title for the passage . 5) Wh
4、ich title fits the text best?2 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节 （事实细节题）命题方式：1) which of the following is true / not true (false) according to the passage ? 2) In the passage, which of the following is / isnt mentioned? 3) All the following statements are true / not true except _. 4) Which of t he following was the caus
5、e of the accident? 5) The story happened _.3 根据上下文判断某些词汇、短语和句子的意义 （猜测词义体）命题方式：1) The word “ “ most likely means _. 2) What do you suppose the word “ “ means? 3) Which of the following can explain the word “ “? 4) What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4 根据材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申，领会作者的观点、意图和态度 （推理判断
6、题）命题方式：1) We can infer from the passage that _ 2) The writer suggests that _ 3) The passage implies but does not directly state that _ 4) What can you conclude from the passage?三、考生常犯的错误1 对考察主旨大意的题，考生常犯以下错误（1） 过于笼统，缺乏针对性（2） 断章取义，以偏概全（3） 分不清现象与本质 A. Good tool design is important in the prevention of
7、overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm. Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the empl
8、oyer provides, and workers use: What is the best title for the passage? A. Good Tool Design for Women B. Importance of Good Tool Design C. Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries D. Overuse of Tool and Worker Protection C. The House Committee on Pollution (HCP) held a special meeting last night to di
9、scuss the Albanian case. A difficult situation arose (came to notice) last week after the Albanian had refused to allow an international environmental organization to teat cans of industrial waste that they were dumping (throwing) into the Sea of Japan. It was thought that the cans may have containe
10、d nuclear waste, even though the Albanians have strongly denied (refused to admit) this. Choose the best title for this article. A. An Albanian ship gets into trouble B. Albanians cause headache for the HCP C. Northern Japanese islands are in danger D. The international community is busy mediating D
11、. Whats your dream vacation? Watching wildlife in Kenya? Boating down the Amazon? Sunbathing in Malaysia? New chances are opening up all the time to explore the world. So we visit travel agents, compare packages and prices, and pay our money. We know what our vacation costs us. But do we know what i
12、t might cost someone else? Its true that many poorer countries now depend on tourism for foreign income. Unfortunately, though, tourism often harms the local people more than it helps them. It might cost their homes and lands. . Tourism might also cost the local people their life and dignity. Proble
13、ms like these were observed more than 20 years ago. But take heart. The good news is that everyone, including us, can play a part to help the local people in the places we visit. . What can tourists do?. What is probably the best title for the article?A. Tourism Leads to Good EffectsB. Tourism Calls
14、 for Good Behavior C. Vacations Bring a Lot of FunD. Vacations Cost More Than You Think E. Several times each year the Queen gives afternoon tea parties at which guests are served tiny cakes filled with cream from her own cows. Cakes and sandwiches are brought in by footmen, yet you never see the Queen touch a thing. She simply sits beside a big silver plate, poring cups of tea for everyone and avoiding the cakes. At cocktail parties the Queen moves from group to group, chatting informally, and manages to make one glass of diet drink last an entire evening. T
