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1、主从复合句中时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：一、在以when, after, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if, unless等 引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。例如：Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这 个好消息告诉她。If it doesnt rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿 的。二、在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用 表示过去的某种时态。例如：He asked when
2、 they would go to the par ty.他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.格林小姐说她以前曾经去过 北京。三、在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态 时，后面从句时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，选用各种适合的时态。例如：Do you know when well have a foo tball mat ch?你知道我们什么时候举行足球 赛吗？You know he has gone to Shanghai .你知道他已去上海了。四、当宾语从句表述的是客观事实
3、、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时，其 时态不受主句限制，而用一般现在时。例如：The t eacher told us that ligh t t ravels fas ter t han sound.老师告诉我们光 速比音速要快。When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait for no man.当我还是学生的时候，老师常常告诉我们，岁月不等人。五、在since +点时间句型中，主句通常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例 如：He has worked at the fac tory sin
4、ce he came here.自从他来到这儿，他就一直 在这家工厂上班。另外，在句型Its+段时间+ since +从句中，since后面的从句要用一般过去时。 例如：Its a long time since we met las t.自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时间了。六、在复合句中，如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，而且有先后，则 在先的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。例如：When he got there, the train had lef t.当他到那儿的时候，火车已经开了。He said he had visi ted the school before.他说他以
5、前参观过那所学校。 一、It引起的几个易混淆的时间句型在学习中，同学生们对It + be +时间+从句这个结构经常混淆不清，下面逐一进行分析。1. It + be + 时间 + since-clause这个句型表示从 since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为 自从以来已多久了，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：It is three years since his father passed away . （从现在算起）It was 10 years since t
6、hey married . （从过去算起）It had been fifteen years since she left Shanghai . （从过去算起）30 years has passed since we joined the Party . （从现在算起）2. It + be + 时间 + before-clause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如：long years , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为过多长时间才 。主句的谓语动词是否定 式时，意为没过多长时间就 。主句的时态可用过
7、去时was或将来时will be；用was时， before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。例如：It was not long before she learned those poems by heart . 她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。It was long before the police arrived .过了很久警察才来。It will be hours before he makes a decision .要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。It will not be hours before meet again .要不了几个小时我们
8、还会再见面的。3. It + be + 时间 + when-clause这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的 谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般现 在时代替将来时。例如：It was already 8 oclock when we got home .It was the next morning when we finished our work .It will be midnight when they get there .4. It + be + 时间 + that-clause
9、这个句型是个强调句型。例如：It was two years ago that he made an important invention .(原句是： He made an important invention two years ago .)It was at 5 oclock that he practised playing the violin in the morning .(原句是： He practised playing the violin at 5 oclock in the morning .) 比较：It was 5 oclock when he started
10、in the morning .(5 oclock前没有介词，这是个定语从句)5. It + be + time + that-clause这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是is或was，that从句都须用动词的过去式或 should +动词原型(但不及用过去式普通)，在time之前有时可加上high或about以加强语 气。例如：It is time(that)we handed in our exercises .(= It is time that we should hand in our exercises .)It is high time (that ) she wrote
11、 a letter to her boyfriend .6. It / This / That + the first(second , third .) time + that-clause这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是is 时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时was，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。 例如：This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall .It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a
12、 friendly visit to Africa .二、It代替从句作形式主语的常见句型1. it 代替连词 that 引导的从句作形式主语。1) it + be + 过去分词 + that 从句Its said that Tom has come back from abroad . 据说汤姆已经从国外回来了。It was reported that dozens of children died in the accident . 据报导，数十名儿童在事故中死亡。 可用于该句型的过去分词还有： known , thought , told , believed , hoped , ann
13、ounced ,expected , decided , suggested等，该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补 的简单句。如：Its said that Tom has come back from abroad . People say that Tom has come back from abroad . He is said to have come back from abroad .2) It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句Its a pity that he cant swim for his age . 真遗憾，就他的年龄来讲，他竟不会游
14、泳。Its a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time . 真奇怪，你竟能在如此 短的时间内完成艰巨的任务。可用于该句型的名词词组还有：an honour , a good thing , a fact , a surprise , good news 等。3) It + be /seem + 形容词 + that 从句It is likely that they will beat us tonight .今晚很可能他们会赢我们。It doesnt seem that she will give u
15、s a hand .她帮我们的可能性似乎不太大。可用于此句型的开容词还有；wonderful , true , good , right , wrong , (un)important ,useless , surprising , clear , possible , unusual , lucky , certain 等。4) It + seem / appear / happen + that 从句It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much .看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。It appears that Tom might change his mi
16、nd 看来汤姆会改变主意。It happened that I went out that day .碰巧我那天外出了。注意，句型4可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述句子可转换为：He seems to enjoy pop music very much . / Tom appears to change his mind ./ I happened to go out that day.2. it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语。1) It is known (not decided , not made clear , found out , discussed , being discussed , b
