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1、Unit 1 总论Day 1 典型英语文章的写作脉络和答题步骤 典型英语文章的 写作脉络和答题步骤及技巧 总的来说，英语文章结构比较严谨，脉络清楚，所以我们在读任何文章的时候，脑子里面一定要有一根线，先掌握了典型文章的展开方法，再加上一些引子等，就成了所有四级阅读文章的结构。我们先以2000年6月的文章为例进行讲解体会。 请在2分钟以内读完这篇文章： 2000.6 Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, wh
2、ether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become con
3、ditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman,
4、 a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible（可减税的）. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary amon
5、g the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike
6、, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cl
7、eaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. 同学们肯定说2分钟不可能读完，但实际上我们只需要读下面这些划线的句子，这篇文章的脉络就出来了。 Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Amo
8、ng the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. Uniforms also have many practical benefits. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experie
9、nced by people who must wear them. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. 文章第一段给出了主题：uniforms，并且提出了问题：Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?（为什么制服在美国如此受欢迎？） 在第二段作者讨论支持制服的主要原因，我们需要注意两个词：for, first。第三段紧接着提到制服的一些实际的好处。 第四段作者的笔锋一转，提到反对制服的主要原因，两个关键词是：primary, against。同样，在第五段给出的是一些
10、反对制服实际的问题。 本文可以分为主题段（第一段）和展开段（第二、三和四、五段）。其中二、三段是一个小的展开，四、五段是第二个小的展开。读到这里，同学们实际上应该知道，这篇文章主要讲的是制服的优点（第二、三段）和缺点（第四、五段）。那么做本文的第五题就很容易了： 5. The best title for this passage would be . A) Uniforms and Society B) The Importance of Wearing a Uniform C) Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform D) Advantages an
11、d Disadvantages of Uniforms 答案显而易见是D)。而且我们可以有这样的判断：第二、四段应该是老师出题的重点，因为它们讲的是主要的方面；而三、五段可以一带而过，因为讨论的是一些次要的内容。同时，我们应该了解每篇文章不是每一句话都要仔细读的。实际上，每篇文章都有四分之一左右的内容不需要读。如果我们觉得有一句话不读就不放心的话，那么可以读，但是对那些次要的内容不能花过多的时间，基本上扫一眼知道不重要就行了。 请读本文的前四题，并且找到它们在文中对应的地方（先不要做题）： 1. It is surprising that Americans who worship varie
12、ty and individuality . A) still judge a man by his clothes B) hold the uniform in such high regard C) enjoy having a professional identity D) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform 2. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform . A) suggests quality work B) dis
13、cards his social identity C) appears to be more practical D) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes 3. The chief function of a uniform is to . A) provide practical benefits to the wearer B) make the wearer catch the public eye C) inspire the wearers confidence in himself D) provide the weare
14、r with a professional identity 4. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms . A) are usually helpful B) have little or no individual freedom C) tend to lose their individuality D) enjoy greater popularity 可以看出，第一题出自第一段，中间两题出自第二段，第四题出自第四段。 【文章大意】 美国人特别为自己的多样性和个性而自豪，但是他们却非常喜爱和尊重制服，无论是电梯操作员的制服还是五星上将的制服。为什么制服在美国那么受欢迎呢? 最重要的原因之一是，在很多人看来穿制服比穿便装看上去更加职业化，人们习惯于期待从穿制服的人身上得到更好的服务。如果电视机修理工穿着制服去修电视，就比穿便装更能给人带来信任感，穿制服的汽车修理工给人的感觉也是这样。另外，对于护士、警察、理发师和侍者来说，要想让别人不知道自己的职业身份，有什么方法比脱掉制服更加容易呢? 制服还有一些很实际的好处，比如说你不需要花钱买别的衣服了，也不需要花钱去清洗它，而
