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1、托福基础写作、托福写作概述 二、英汉两种语言的区别（一）、美国人与中国人思维方式的不同。 linear way of thinking（二）、英汉句子结构的特点。英语重形和，重结构，汉语重意和 , 重语义。英 语中常用复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。10 Linking words cohesion1. conj.:1） and. but, or, so, while2） if, because, although,That, who, which, what, as-asmore than, so- that2. in this reason, in conclusion, for exam
2、ple3. however, unfortunately,Undeniably4. to make things worse5. generally speaking6. 同义词7. repetition8. this, it, that, those9. interesting to see10. what is more（三）英语多变化 variety（diversity） ，汉语多重复。（四）英语被动句多。汉语中主动句多。三、中国学生写作最易犯的十大错误1. Nowadays, college student should learn competition and cooperatio
3、n.2. The problem that is created by computers attract （draw, spark, captivate, intrigue, arouse, yield, give rise to） much attention.3. In present-day society, there are a great many young people go abroad.4. In my opinion, I think that smoking should be banned in public places.5. The computer can n
4、ot instead the pivotal role played by teachersin education.6. Some people welcome raising pets, others hold different opinions.7. In large cities of China has many fast food shops.8. At college, we should learn as much knowledge as possible so that we can be well prepared for our future career.9. So
5、me students are interested in play computer games.10. You really have two down sons.四、托福写作 25 分必备的 100 个意群词汇持某观点 : claim ( assert, contendreckon deem share the belief that ) 支持某观点 : advocate(maintain, welcomevote for side withbe in favor of )反对某观点 : contradict (oppose, object to, criticize, refutebe
6、 againstcast doubts on question, challenge)合理的： justified ( sensible feasible convincinghold water bear muchanalysis)好处： advantage (benefit, merit, positive(bright) side, upside, boon, pros, strength )弊端： disadvantage( harm, demerit, negative(dark) side, downside, bane, cons, weakness defect, flaw,
7、drawback )肯定： undoubtedly (indeed undeniablythere is no denying that)不确定： be likely to ( potentially presumably)重 要 的 ： essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable, pivotal)有益的： beneficial (conducive instrumental, rewarding)有害的： detrimental (harmful virulent )有争议的： c
8、ontroversial (arguable, debatabledisputable, contentious)普遍的： widespread ( prevalent, universal, pervasive, ubiquitous )显著地： considerably (significantly, remarkably, Dramatically ,tremendously, substantially)明显的： evident (apparent,manifest ， crystal-clear)16. 增强： enhance (strengthen boost)17.减少：decl
9、ine (descend, collapse, relieve)18.大约：approximately (nearly, around, estimated,19.趋势：trend (tendency, inclination )20.预见：predict (expect, project )21.带来bring about (result in, lead to)22.引起create ( spark ; yield; give rise to )23.建立establish ( found, institute )24.要求call for (request ， demand )25.去除
10、eliminate ( remove, eradicate )26.探讨explore (examine, identify)27.描绘depict (portray, illustrate)28.后果consequence( aftermath; outcome)29.足够adequate (enough; sufficient )30.解决tackle ( resolve, address)31.意识awareness(consciousness)32.控制curb ( regulate, censor)33.解释：account for ( be responsible for )34.
11、投资finance (invest in, subsidize)35.缓解relieve ( ease, alleviate)36.压力stress ( pressure, strain)37.和谐harmony ( concordance)roughly )38.继承inherit (hand down)39.培养cultivate (train, foster )40.促进promote ( contribute to, upgrade)41.适应adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to)42.提供provide (render, afford)43.替代repl
12、ace (substitute, take the place of)44.保护preserve (protect)45.证据evidence (proof)46.赢得gain (acquire, attain)47.国外的foreign( alien, exotic)48.灾难disaster (misfortune, catastrophe)49.发展advance (progress)50.倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)51.吸引attract (allure, tempt)52.专注的be absorbed in(be immersed
13、 in, devote oneself53.目的是aim at ( The purpose is )54.实现achieve (fulfill, implement)55.危害endanger ( threaten; jeopardize)56.损害undermine (impair, damage)57.阻碍hinder (obstruct, impede)58.禁止forbid (ban, prohibit)59.责备blame( denounce, criticize)to)60. 污染 pollute (contaminate, stain)61.腐蚀erode(wear away,
14、corrode)62.欺骗deceive (cheat, defraud)63.冲突conflict ( shock, tension)64.驱使prompt (spur, incite)贪婪的 acquisitive(money-oriented ，materialistic)自私的 self-centered (selfish, inconsiderate)体谅的 considerate (understanding, sympathetic)冷漠的 indifferent (apathetic, aloof)奢侈的 wasteful (luxurious, extravagant)残忍的 inhumane(brutal, barbaric)绝望的 hopeless ( despairing, desperate )过分的 excessive (extravagant, exorbitant)激烈的 intense (fi
