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1、2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The（ ）view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.问题1选项A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项predominant“主要的，占主导地位的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项inclusive“包括的，包罗广
2、泛的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。此处表示英国和其他西方国家的主要观点，故选A。句意：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化通常与衰落、依赖、孤立以及贫穷有关。2. 单选题War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. T
3、hese are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In
4、the case of human aggression, violence cannot be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying f
5、orms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal
6、system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon
7、 the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishmen
8、t. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycles of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from viole
9、nce, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful d
10、emands upon its people for their recommitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a communitys deepest religious and ethical commitments.1.Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that（ ）.2.The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is（ ）.3.What do
11、es the author mean by saying “.in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused” (Lines 5-6, Para. 2)?4.The word “allegiance” (Line 5, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to（ ）.5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.it threatens the existing social systemsB
12、.it is influenced by societyC.it has roots in religious conflictsD.it is directed against institutions of law问题2选项A.to control violence within a societyB.to protect the world from chaosC.to free society from the idea of revengeD.to give the government absolute power问题3选项A.Legal systems greatly reduc
13、e the possibilities of physical violence.B.Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C.Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D.Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.问题4选项A.loyaltyB.objectiveC.survivalD.motive问题5选项A.Governm
14、ents tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B.In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C.In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D.Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times
15、 of war.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior.（人类暴力的许多表现形式总是受到社会习俗的制约，这些社会习俗形成了侵略性的行为）可知B选项“它受社会的影响”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law.（社会中的暴力行为是通过法律制度来控制的）可知A选项“控制社会中的暴力”符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段中的The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment（社会承担起保护个人免受暴力侵害的责任，不能保护的，
