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1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English,
2、 the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflect
3、s who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited
4、to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a mens house, separately from their wives and
5、children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husbands portion to the mens house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many
6、 New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couples eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A c
7、ouple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be desc
8、ended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic special
9、ization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva, of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high
10、-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking caste.1. According to the passage, the English make clear distinctions between（ ）.2.According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?3.According to the passa
11、ge, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.The last paragraph suggests that in India（ ）decides how people eat.5.Which of the following can best serve as the topic of the passage?问题1选项A.people who eat togetherB.the kinds of food servedC.family members and guestsD.snacks and hamburger
12、s问题2选项A.The English.B.Americans on their first date.C.Men and women in Near Eastern societies.D.Newly-weds on the island of New Ireland.问题3选项A.the type of foodB.social relationsC.marital statusD.family ties问题4选项A.pollutionB.foodC.cultureD.social status问题5选项A.Different kinds of food in the world.B.Cu
13、lture and manners of eating.C.Symbolic meanings of food consumption.D.Relations between food and social units.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是：英国人将什么进行了明确的区分？根据关键词“the English”定位到第一段第四句for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social l
14、inks between people who are eating together.（对英国人来说，食物的种类和供应的食物与一起吃饭的人们之间的社会联系有关。）再根据后面的举例以及本段最后一句the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.（食物的种类象征着客人的类别以及和谁一起吃。）由此可知，英国人对于供应食物的种类做了明确的区分，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。题目问的是：哪些人不会在一起吃饭？原文第二段首句提及In some New Guinea societies, the nu
15、clear family is not the unit that eats together.（在一些新几内亚社会，小家庭通常是不会一起吃饭的。）后面进行了举例，男性通常和他们的妻子孩子分开吃饭。以及本段最后一句也提及This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.（这种模式在近东社会中也很普遍。）由此可知，选项C符合原文。3.判断推理题。题目问的是：下面哪一个不是一起吃饭所表明的信息？根据原文的内容可知，第一段提到了社会关系，第二段提到了家庭关系，第三段提到了婚姻关系，所以选项B、C、D均正确，只有选项A不是“eat
16、ing together”所表明的事情，所以本题选A。4.细节事实题。题目问的是：最后一段表明，印度的什么决定了人们怎么吃？根据最后一段首句There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India.（食物禁忌和等级之间也有联系，这在印度的种姓制度中表现得最为极端。）由此可知，印度的社会地位决定了人们怎么吃。所以选项D正确。5.主旨大意题。原文第一段的第一、二句为本文的主题句Cultural rules determine every aspect
