美联英语提供：初中英语（人教版）：语法和知识点总结以及练习题 初一（下）两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平词类、句子成分和构词法初一年级（下）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do one's homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. not…at all23. put…away24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factory II. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you spell …?7. May I borrow…? III. 交际用语 1. —Thanks very much!—You're welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. What's wrong?4. I think so. I don't think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. What's your favourite sport?10. Don't worry.11.I'm (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. That's right./ That's all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They don't have any CDs.16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?---It's Monday.17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please? ---Certainly. Here you are.18. ---Where are you from?---From Beijing.19. What's your telephone number in New York?20. ---Do you like hot dogs?---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)21. ---What does your mother like?---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. ---When do you go to school every day?---I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening?---He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法 1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；4．动词have的用法；5．一般现在时构成和用法；6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法 【名师讲解】1. That's right./ That's all right./ All right.That's right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。
例如："I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人""That's right."或 "You're right.""说得对"That's all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉例如："Many thanks." "That's all right." "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求有时还可以表示“身体很好”"Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我" "All right.""好吧"Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2. make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？He's doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。
如：“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去Please say it in English .请用英语说speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？I don't like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词， 不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。
如：He's telling me a story.他在给我讲故事tell a lie 撒谎 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如：.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much修饰从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有区别。
前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作例如：He likes playing football, but he doesn't like to play football with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，别的，如：Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?others 别的人，别的东西.如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人the other表另一个（二者之中）one…，the other…如：One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文another表三者以上的另一个，另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。
7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟8. some/ any some和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词但有以下两点需要注意1)some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中如：There is some water in the glass. Is there any water in the glass? There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用some如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一个高个子妇女a tall horse 一个高大的马 (2)说一个不与地面接。