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1、美联英语提供：牛津英语初中语法大全10关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里http:/ none of them said nothing.他们谁也没有说什么。语法分析：代词作同位语。(3)You two sit here.你们两个人坐这里。语法分析：数词作同位语。(4)People,old and young,came out to greet the distinguished vistors.老老少少的人们都出来迎接贵宾。语法分析：形容词作同位语。(5)Formerly a worker himself,he is now an engineer.过去他是工人，现在是工程师了。语法分析：有些
2、同位语的结构很复杂，带有一个副词或介词，如果主语比较短时，这类同位语可以提前，来给它以突出的位置。(6)There was no doubt that she was a fine scholar.毫无疑问，她是个优秀的学者。语法分析：有不少名词后可以跟that引导的从句，说明其内容，可以称为同位语从句。(1)The theory _ it is all right.(2)We _ put torward a proposal.(3)He seemed different from us _.(4)The rumour spread _ a new school would be built
3、here.(5)I have no idea _ she left.(1)itself (2)each (3)all (4)that (5)why83.非限制性定语从句The plane,which is usually very punctual,was late today.这班飞机通常很准时，不过今天却晚点了。这个句子为典型的非限制性定语从句。可以看出这类从句对所修饰的都有词没有限制词义的作用，只是一些补充性的说明，而且通常都有逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开，多译成一个并列句。把从句拿掉以后，对句子的剩下部分没有太大的影响。我们把which is usually very punctual
4、拿掉以后，句子就变成了The plane was late today.意思仍很完整，合乎语法。需要留意的是，在这类从句中不可用关系代词that和关系副词why，也不可以把其他的关系副词给省略掉，此类从句多用于书面语中。(1)Tom,who had been driving all night,suggested stopping at the next town.汤姆开了一夜的车，建议在下一个镇子上停下来。语法分析：简单、合乎规范的句子。(2)The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by old men.公共汽车大部
5、分都已载满了乘客，周围是一群老人。语法分析：在非限制性定语从句中，which和whom常可以与of或其他介词连用。(3)I drank beer,which made me fat.我喝啤酒，这使我的身体发胖了。语法分析：which不代表一个名词，而代表了前面句子的全部或者部分意思。(4)Such money as he earned was spent on his girl friend.他挣的那点钱都花在了他女朋友身上。语法分析：as用作关系代词，引导定语从句，主要和such连用，也可单独引导一个从句。(5)Surely there isnt a teacher but faces th
6、is problem.可以确定，凡是老师都会面临这个问题。语法分析：but作为关系代词引导定语从句。(6)Ive set a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a period.我定了一个办法，你可以照此分期付款。语法分析：whereby引导一个定语从句，其意思等于by which，类似用法还有wherein和whereupon等。(1)She returned with _ provisions _ were needed.(2)He hoped to give me a chance _ nobody else ever had.(3)Th
7、ere is no tree _ bears some fruits.(4)This is Mr.Smith,_ I was working,was very generous.(5)She changed her mind,_ made me very angry.(6)He is a teacher,_ is clear from his manner.(1)such.as (2)such as (3)out (4)for whom (5)which (6)as84. 限制性定语从句These are the tickets which you ordered.这些是你所订购的票。大多数定
8、语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制，成为限制性定语从句。这种从句通常紧接先行词，在书面语中其间通常没有逗号。从功能上看，限制性定语从句对作为先行项的意义不明确的人或物加以限制或识别，如果去掉该从句，便不能确切表达先行项所指的意义。这类从句多由关系代词或关系副词来引导。(1)Have you got the postcard(which) I sent you?你收到我寄给你的明信片了吗？语法分析：在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在绝大多数情况下可以省略，尤其在口语中(2)Come any time you like.你随便什么时候来都行。语法分析：有些表示时间的定语从句并不由whe
9、n引导，特别是在某些句型中。(3)Thats the way I look at it.这就是我对这事情的看法。语法分析：在way后也可以跟一个定语从句，不需要关系代词或副词。(4)Anything I can do for you?我能为你做点什么？语法分析：在被修饰的词为all或everything时，作宾语的关系代词可以省略。(5)Thats the place we met last year.这是我们去年见面的地方。语法分析：关系副词where有时也可以省略。(1)The boy _ I saw told me to come back today.(2)Thats the best
10、 hotel _ I know.(3)The car _ I hired broke down.(4)At that time _ I saw him,he was quite strong.(5)The family _ are all football fans are now taking a holiday.(6)My dog _ name is Ted is growing last.(7)You are still the same person _ I knew six yesrs ago.(8)There is no rule _ has exceptions.(1)whom
11、(2)that (3)that (4)when (5)who (6)whose (7)as (8)but85、关于定语从句的注意点I still remembei the day when she was killed.我仍记得她被害的那一天。在由when,where,why和how等词引导的定语从句时，它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因和方式，否则引导的就不是定语从句。定语从句主语和谓语的一致性决定于先行词的数，关系代词如指前面的整个句子时，谓语动词用单数。定语从句可转化为分词短语，如果因为时态的限制或含有情态动词的时候，则不可以转换。(1)The girl with whom y
12、ou work is his sister.和你一起工作的女孩是他的妹妹。语法分析：关系代词作介词的宾语，介词可前置(2)They arrived at a farm house,in front of which sat a little girl.他们来到一家农舍前，农舍前坐着个小女孩。语法分析：如关系代词作介词短语的宾语，这个短语只能前置(3)That was the meeting during which I kept falling asleep.就在那个会议上我总是不停地打瞌睡。语法分析：先行词是定语从句中介词的宾语时，介词可前置(4)Here is a letter from
13、the Whites,who want to come to London.有一封怀特夫妇来的信，他们要来伦敦。语法分析：定语从句主语和谓语的一致性决定于先行词的单复数(5)He is a strange character who dislike parties.他是个奇怪的人，不喜欢社交。语法分析：先行词如果是人称性的，关系代词用who，否则用which(1)He built a telescope through _ he could study the skies(2)The fox by _ the chicks were killed was shot.(3)She works i
14、n a factory,at the back of _ there is a river.(4)The names,of _ she remembered some were all strange to me.(5)The girl on the right of _ sat a young man was a woman driver.(6)The fact _ you pointed out made me interested.(7)That is the house _ the boy was born.(8)He doesnt know the reason _ she was absent.(9)He is one of the engineers who _be experts in German.(10)The committee who _be responsible for it were all punished.(11)She admires those _ succeed.(1)which (2)which (3)which (4)which (5)whom
