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1、2022年考博英语-重庆大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 写作题To what extent is nuclear technology a danger to life on earth? What are the benefits and risks associated with its use?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge.【答案】略2. 单选题The growth strategy is a corporate-level str
2、ategy that seeks to increase the level of the organizations operations. This includes increasing such popular quantitative measures as sales revenues, number of employees, and market share. Growth can be achieved through direct expansion, vertical integration, horizontal integration, or diversificat
3、ion.Growth through direct expansion is achieved by internally increasing a firms sales, production capacity, or workforce. No other firms are acquired or merged with; instead, the company chooses to grow by itself through its own business operations. For instance, McDonalds has pursued a growth stra
4、tegy by way of direct expansion. The company has grown by awarding franchises (经营许可) to people who are willing to be trained in the McDonalds way and by opening company-owned outlets.A company might also choose to grow by vertical integration, which is an attempt to gain control of input (backward v
5、ertical integration), output (forward vertical integration) or both. In backward vertical integration, the organization attempts to again control of its inputs by becoming its own supplier. For instance, United Airlines had created its own in-flight food service business. In forward vertical integra
6、tion, the organization gains control of its outputs (products or services) by becoming its own distributor. For example, Gateway Computers retail stores are an example or an organization controlling its distribution.In horizontal integration, a company grows by combining with other organizations in
7、the same industry that is, combining operations with competitors. For instance, H, J, Heinz, Inc., the food-processing company, combined operations with an organic baby food company, Earths Best, to help its own Heinz baby foods division become more competitive. Because combining with competitors mi
8、ght decrease the amount of competition in an industry, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission assesses the impact of such proposed growth action and must approve any proposed horizontal integration strategy. Other countries have similar restrictions.Finally, an organization can grow through diversificat
9、ion, either related or unrelated. Related diversification is when a company grows by merging with or acquiring firms in different but related industries. For example, American Standard Cos. is in a variety of businesses including bathroom fixtures, air-conditioning and heating units, plumbing parts,
10、 and brakes for trucks. Unrelated diversification is when a company grows by merging with or acquiring firms in different and unrelated industries. For example, Lancaster Colony Corporation makes salad dressing, car mats and candles. These industries are different and unrelated.1.What is this passag
11、e mainly about?2.What is “direct expansion”？3.Which of the following is not true of “vertical integration”?4.If a company adopts the method of “horizontal integration”, it attempts to（ ）.5.Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to the word“diversification”？问题1选项A.How McDonalds has beco
12、me successful.B.How companies have become successful.C.How companies can develop their businesses.D.How companies compete with each other.问题2选项A.A company develops its own business into a bigger scale.B.A company acquires another company.C.A company merges with another company.D.A company grows with
13、out increasing its workforce.问题3选项A.A company attempts to supply its own inputs.B.A company attempts to sell its own products.C.A company attempts to provide service.D.A company attempts to enter another industry.问题4选项A.acquire a very different companyB.acquire a similar companyC.acquire a sales com
14、panyD.acquire a distribution company问题5选项A.merging with or acquiring firmsB.either related or unrelatedC.a variety of businessesD.a company grows【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段， “The growth strategy is a corporate-level strategy that seeks to increase the level of the organizations
15、operationsGrowth can be achieved through direct expansion, vertical integration, horizontal integration, or diversification.”，可知本篇文章主要讨论的问题是公司的增长策略，增长可以通过直接扩张、纵向一体化、横向一体化或多样化来实现。下文直接对公司的增长策略进行了展开说明和解释。可判断出本篇文章主要是关于公司怎么发展他们的业务，得到增长的。选项C符合题意。2.词义理解题。根据文章第二段，“Growth through direct expansion is achieved
16、 by internally increasing a firms sales, production capacity, or workforce.”，可知通过直接扩张实现的增长是通过内部增加公司的销售、生产能力或劳动力来实现的。可判断出direct expansion意思是一个公司把自己的业务发展到更大的规模。选项A符合题意。3.事实细节题。根据文章第三段，“the organization attempts to again control of its inputs by becoming its own supplier.”，可知公司在垂直整合中试图通过成为自己的供应商来再次控制其投入。选项
