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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题许多人觉得跟计算机打交道比跟人打交道更自在。计算机更有耐心，不会对操作的人评头论足。许多学生向教师请教的时候，总会感到紧张，他们乐于向计算机提问。有些病人更愿意向计算机而不是向医生说明自己的病情，甚至出现了能够解决心理问题的计算机程序，因为许多人觉得与别人讨论自己的心理问题不太自在。【答案】答：Many people feel that its more comfortable to deal with computers than with people. They will not feel judged
2、 because the computer is more patient. Many students feel nervous when they ask teachers for advice, so they are more willing to turn to computers. Some patients prefer to explain their illness to a computer rather than a doctor. As a result, there are even computer programs that can deal with psych
3、ological problems, because many feel uncomfortable discussing their psychological problems with others.2. 单选题Strangely enough, an old man（ ）me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my fathers.问题1选项A.stood up toB.walked up toC.lived up toD.added up to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A项stand up to“经
4、得起，抵抗”，B项walk up to“走近，走向”，C项live up to“不辜负，做到”，D项add up to“合计达，总共达”；根据空格前后关键词an old man（老人）和introduce himself（介绍他自己）可推断，空格部分表示“向我走进”。句意：奇怪的是，一个老人走到我面前并做了自我介绍，原来是我父亲的朋友。因此，该题选择B项正确。3. 单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed
5、 countries（ ）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A项both“两者都”，B项either“也，而且，两者之中的一个”；C项alike“相似地，同样地”，D项apart“相距，分离者”。空格前面是由and连接的两个并列成分，那么空格处需要填入一个副词与之呼应；A项用于bothand（两个都），所以排除；B项用于两者中的其中一个，B项排除；句意：保护热带雨林的重要性日益为发展中国家和发达国家所重视。根据句意可知D项不符句意，因此C项正确。4. 单选题The uniform system of time-keeping i
6、n the United States was not established until the late nineteenth century.问题1选项A.personalB.efficientC.consistentD.practical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。uniform表示“统一的，一致的”；A项personal“个人的”，B项efficient“有效的”，C项consistent“始终如一的，一致的”，D项practical“实际的”。句意：直到19世纪后期，美国才建立统一的计时制度。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。5. 单选题Wheat yield in Europ
7、e is highly sensitive to natural variability in temperature and rainfall. In these simulations, climate change alone by 2050 results in significant increases in yield under both scenarios only in three northern European countries. But adding estimated effects of higher CO2 concentrations on plant gr
8、owth increases that yields considerably, with yield increases now being significant in all of the ten countries included in the study. Whether such increases due to higher CO2 concentration would actually be realized is uncertain, because of problems in extrapolating from idealized laboratory and mo
9、deling results to field conditions.The clear message of this work is that greater efforts are needed to take account of the “noise” of natural climate variability when considering the “signal” of climate change. In particular, care must be taken in interpreting the results of impact assessments, esp
10、ecially those which use climate simulations over short periods only.Much more remains to be done. For example, the use of simulated monthly climate data by Hulme et al, even when interpolated to daily data by statistical methods, leaves open the possibility of systematic changes in day-to-day variab
11、ility and extremes due to climate change. These could well dominate the effects of climate change on both river flow and wheat yield. Taking them into account will require the analysis of daily output from the climate models, especially at fine spatial resolution.More importantly, in understanding t
12、he message from Hulme et al, we need to distinguish between confidence levels used for the detectability of simulated or real impacts due to climate change, and those needed to decide if the information about possible future impacts is useful for decision-makers. Detectability, used as evidence of c
13、limate change, arguably requires a high level of confidence, say, at the 95% or 99% level. On the other hand, if we take it as a given that climate change is occurring, and we are seeking useful advice as to what the consequences might be, a lower level of confidence may suffice.Studies of the lengt
14、h of a data set is necessary to detect a real change in the mean against a background of variability, for example for detection of trends in total ozone or river flow, indicate that even if the change is real, it may need to have happened for decades before it can be shown statistically to have occu
15、rred. In cases such as estimation of flood frequency and of the occurrence of moisture stress in crops, what is needed to identify future “dangerous” levels of climate change, or to plan adaptation measures, is an estimate of changes in the probability of such effects before they happen.1. According
16、 to the study, high wheat yields in Europe most significantly need（ ）.2. A high level of confidence is needed when we（ ）.3. To identify the possible future impacts of climate change, scientists（ ）.4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.hig
