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1、2022年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题15 完形填空记叙类方法与技巧 完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。针对以上我们对完形填空试题的题型分析，答题时考生可以从如下几个方面入手做出正确的选择：一、树立语篇意识，解决局部问题每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以在解决局部问题时，考生要树立牢固的语篇意识，遵循从“整体-局部-整体”这个解决问题的规律，不要把注意力孤立地局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻
2、找答案的线索。（参考题型分类四） 二、借助逻辑连词，推敲前后文意英文中的逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。常用的逻辑连词主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；（3）分句和独立结
3、构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。逻辑连词对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设的。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。（参考题型分类四） 三、通达文章语境，明辨词语差异 高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。（参考题型分
4、类一） 四、活用知识积累，甄别习惯搭配 词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。（参考题型分类一） 五、联系生活常识，再现相关情景 完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识身临其境地想像当时的情景，从而做出正确的判断。例如： The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as S
5、usan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to 31 the seats, settled in one of them.31.A. touch B .grab C .count D .feel【解析】D考查常识理解。考生要知道盲人是看不见的，所有的动作都是靠摸索的，据此可知应该选择“feel”(摸索，感知),而不应该是“有目的”地去“touch”（触碰）；32.A.weakness B . sickness C .darkness D .sadness【解析】
6、C考查常识理解。盲人陷入到黑暗的世界，这种表达在中文里面我们也使用，所以明显应该是“a world of darkness”；六、了解文化背景，克服母语干扰 完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确解题。 总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确答案。另外考生还要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，逐渐增加训练的频度，提高训练的难度，通过训练提高阅读理解能力
7、，做到能根据短文所给线索和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断，进一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。只有通过平时多读多练，不断拓宽知识面，进一步了解英美风土人情等有关文化背景知识，熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等，才能为正确完成完形填空试题提供前提保障。体验高考 【xx山东卷】 Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family. While 21 her ill elder sister throughout the years, C
8、harlotte discovered she had a(an) 22 in medicine. At 18 she married and 23 a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a 24 . Her husband supported her decision. 25 , Canadian medical schools did not 26 women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to
9、study 27 at the Womens Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to 28 her medical degree. Upon graduation, Charlotte 29 to Montreal and set up a private 30 . Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a 31 doctor. Many of her patients were from th
10、e nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte 32 herself operating on damaged limbs and setting 33 bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had 34 a doctors license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was 35 . The Manitoba Co
11、llege of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to 36 her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to 37 her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appeared to the Manitoba Legislature to 38 a license to her but they, too, refused. Char
12、lotte 39 to practice without a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73. In 1993, 77 years after her 40 , a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman.” 【小题1】21. A. raising B. teachi
13、ng C. nursing D. missing 【小题2】22. A. habit B. interest C. opinion D. voice 【小题3】23. A. invented B. selected C. offered D. started 【小题4】24. A. doctor B. musician C. lawyer D. physicist 【小题5】25. A. Besides B. Unfortunately C. Otherwise D. Eventually 【小题6】26. A. hire B. entertain C. trust D. accept 【小题
14、7】27. A. history B. physics C. medicine D. law 【小题8】28. A. improve B. save C. design D. earn 【小题9】29. A. returned B. escaped C. spread D. wandered 【小题10】30. A. school B. museumC. clinic D. lab 【小题11】31. A. busy B. wealthyC. greedyD. lucky 【小题12】32. A. helped B. found C. troubled D. imagined 【小题13】33. A. harmful B. tired C. broken D. weak 【小题14】34. A. put away B. taken over C. turned in D. applied for 【小题15】35. A. punished B. refused C. blamed D. fired 【小题16】36. A. display B. change C. preview D. plete 【小题17】37. A. leave B. charge C. test D. cure 【小题18】38. A. sell B. don
