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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题I dont really know how to （ ）the problem.问题1选项A.drawB.dealC.copeD.tackle【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知这里指处理问题，选项A不符合句意；选项B和C后面都需要接介词with，所以只有选项D正确。2. 写作题You applied to a professor at an American university for a postdoctoral position. You were asked by him to write an intro
2、duction of your research plan.1.The title can be An Introduction of My Research Plan.2.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.3.Do not sign your own name at the end of the introduction . Use “Li Ming” instead.4.Do not write the address.【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Ming. I got my
3、 doctors degree in education three years ago. I have made some achievements in my academic research. In recent years, my research interest has shifted from Chinese Students State of Mind in Job-seeking to American Students State of Mind in Job-seeking. In order to have an international field of visi
4、on and deepen my research, I would like to pursue postdoctoral research in your university, which is supposed to last two years. In the first year of my postdoctoral research, I will conduct social investigations. Concretely speaking, I will talk with college students from different institutions of
5、higher learning in the United States and their career planners so that I can have a very good understanding of their state of mind while seeking their jobs. Of course, designing questionnaires for American students to answer is another way of solving my problem. The last method of solving my problem
6、 is information retrieval. I will read as many documents related to my research topic as possible. In the second year, I will try my best to publish my research fruit in the form of a monograph. The above is my research plan. I hope cordially that I can receive support from you.Yours respectfully Li
7、 Ming 3. 翻译题A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend toward “directed” or “programmed” research; i. e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for s
8、uch organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense; the la
9、boratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had t
10、o conform.As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and effici
11、ently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sum of money involv
12、ed, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly- defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research.One of the effects of
13、this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrat
14、e on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations.In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connect
15、ed with pure research in a university.Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of sciencenot only pure science, but applied science as well.【答案】现代科学技术的一个最新现象是:科学研究越来越朝着“有领导的”或“有
16、计划的”趋势发展， 也就是说，研究的范围和目标是由私营机构或政府机构，而不是由研究人员自己事先决定的。随着本世纪时间的推移，有待解决的问题的重要性与日俱增，其复杂性日趋深化。这就使单个的科学家在许多情况下无法处理进行精确而又高效研究所需要的大量新资料、新技术和新设备。因此，科学家不断从纯科学领域转移到应用科学领域，因为这一领域有更多的工作机会。同大学里的纯理论研究工作相比，这些工作的待遇往往更优厚，技术设施也更好。4. 写作题You are supposed to write a letter to a professor in a university in the United States or UK, requesting for the possibility of a cooperative program for Ph. D
